11. What is a superbug? a. Bacteria that contain thicker-than-normal peptidoglycan in their cells b. Bacteria which beco

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11. What is a superbug?
a. Bacteria that contain thicker-than-normal peptidoglycan in
their cells
b. Bacteria which become antibiotic resistant (especially to
colistin)
c. Bacteria that can become useful in eradicating harmful
viruses within a host
d. Bacteria which contain a capsid, envelope, and spikes or
rods
e.All of the above
12. Regarding cladistics, one must distinguish a similarity that
is inherited from a common ancestor of an entire group, and is
called __________ similarities, from similarities that arose within
the group and this is termed __________. Fill in the
blanks.
13. According to the video Molecular Evolution: Genes and
Proteins, when scientists compare the entire genome of backer’s
yeast and a worm, what did they find?
14. A derived character shared by clade members is called a
_____________. Fill in the blank.
15. The transcription process proceeds from a _____ to _____
direction (same as DNA replication). Fill in the blanks.
16. According to the video Genetic Engineering Will Change
Everything Forever, in the future, we might use CRISPR to edit our
DNA to disable a disease, but what might be a result?
17. What takes place during the termination stage of translation
to end the protein-making process?
a. Nonsense codons are recognized as release factors
b. Continuously moves the off-loading tRNA between the A and P
sites
c. Initiation factors (proteins) position the tRNA on the
ribosomal surface (rRNA) at the P site where the peptide bond
forms
d. When a tRNA attaches a ribosome, its amino acid is attached
adjacent to the initial methionine
e. Relocated the initial tRNA to the E site and ejects it from
the ribosome (rRNA)
18. What is the definition of gene flow?
19. According to the video Genetic Engineering Will Change
Everything Forever, which statement accurately describes how
scientists experimented with DNA during the (a) 1960s, (b) 1970s,
(c) 1980s, or (d) 1990s?
20. What is the function of elongation factors?