1. If two parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the probability that AT LEAST ONE of the

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1. If two parents are heterozygous for an autosomal recessive disorder, what is the probability that AT LEAST ONE of their three children will be affected?
2. Which of the following equations could be used to calculate the probability that a self-fertilized Gg pea plant will have one yellow and five green peas? Note: The yellow allele is dominant to green allele. If individuals V-1 and V-11 were to mate, what is the probability that they would have an affected child?
A.
4 (1/4)4 (3/4)2
B.
6 (3/4)1 (1/4)5
C.
15 (3/4)5 (1/4)1
D.
6 (1/2)1 (1/2)5
3. Pea plants that inherit two different autosomal dominant alleles, A and R, are tall and have round seeds. True-breeding tall plants with wrinkled seeds are crossed with true-breeding short plants with round seeds. The F1 plants are crossed with short plants with wrinkled seeds. Use chi-square analysis to determine if the following numbers of F2 progeny listed in the table below are consistent with the chance hypothesis that the two genes assort independently. What is the chi-square (χ2) value and do you reject the chance hypothesis?
Phenotype Observed (O) Expected (E) O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/ E
tall, round seeds 63
tall, wrinkled seeds 58
short, round seeds 71
short, wrinkled seeds 64