(a) Explain in your own words what is meant by active and passive sensors. Give an example of each type of sensor. [4 ma

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A Explain In Your Own Words What Is Meant By Active And Passive Sensors Give An Example Of Each Type Of Sensor 4 Ma 1 (159.43 KiB) Viewed 47 times

(a) Explain in your own words what is meant by active and passive sensors. Give an example of each type of sensor. [4 marks] (b) A thermometer is regarded as a first-order instrument where a time delay exists in its response to a sudden change at its input. The response equation of the thermometer is expressed as, T (t) — T。 = (Tƒ − T。)(1 – e¯½) .- where T(t) (°C) is the temperature of the thermometer at time t(s); To (°C) and Tf (°C) are the initial and final temperatures of the process being measured, respectively; and (s) is the time constant. (i) If the thermometer gives a measurement of 44 °C (To) just before a sudden change in the process which is 80 °C (T), and reads 57 °C at time 4.5 s after the change, determine and thus write down the response equation for the thermometer. Show all your working steps. (ii) Determine the temperature reading 6 s after the occurrence of the sudden change specified in (i). [6 marks] (c) With the aid of a suitable block diagram, discuss in your own words the essential elements of a typical smart sensor and its main difference with a conventional sensor. Give an example application of smart sensors.