Biodiesel is an alkylester (RCOOR') obtained from fat and has combustion characteristics similar to diesel, but is stabl

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Biodiesel Is An Alkylester Rcoor Obtained From Fat And Has Combustion Characteristics Similar To Diesel But Is Stabl 1 (89.23 KiB) Viewed 16 times

Biodiesel is an alkylester (RCOOR') obtained from fat and has combustion characteristics similar to diesel, but is stable, nontoxic, and microbial decomposition due to its relatively high flash point, and is considered as an energy that may replace diesel. Biodiesel can be prepared by transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol (e.g., methanol) and its reaction formula is as follows. CH₂-OCOR CH₂OH R¹COOCH3 1 Catalyst + 3CH₂OH CHOH + R³COOCH, CH-OCOR² L CH₂-OCOR ³ CH₂OH R³COOCH3 Triglyceride Methanol Glycerol Methyl esters 즉, A + 3M G+ 3P (Here, A = Triglyceride, M = Methanol, G = Glycerol, P = Methyl Ester, or Biodiesel) In fact, this reaction is a three-step complex reaction in which A becomes diglyceride, diglyceride becomes monoglyceride, and monoglyceride becomes glycerol, respectively. The original ester exchange reaction is reversible, but it could be deemed as an irreversible reaction, as methanol is used in an excessive amount in an actual manufacturing process. Triglyceride + R¹OH Diglyceride + RCOOR¹ 4. A + M $2 B + P [1] Diglyceride + R¹OH Monoglyceride + RCOOR¹ 4. B + M $ C + P [2] Monoglyceride + R¹OH Glycerol + RCOOR¹ C+M G+P [3] (Here, b = diglyceride, c monoglyceride).
Problem By performing an ester exchange reaction using waste cooking oil (e.g., soy bean oil) as a raw material, it is intended to design a reactor that produces 330,000 L of biodiesel per year. Answer the question. (Use the Polymath, matlab program (Any program is possible)) = 0.86 g/cm3, molecular (However, CA0 = 1 mol/L, density of biodiesel (P) weight of biodiesel (P) = 292 g/mol)
(1) This reaction was carried out under a basic (NaOH) catalyst in a small batch reactor, thereby obtaining concentration (unit mol/L) data of A as follows. (CAO = 1 mol/L was used in the experiment, and methanol was used in excess.) 온도(C) AZH(min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 45 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.73 55 0.89 0.81 0.74 0.67 0.63 0.58 65 0.80 0.67 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.40 Properly analyze the given data, show that reaction [1] is secondary (total secondary because M is used in excess) for A, and find the k1 value at each temperature. 2 It could be seen that the reactions [2] and [3] were secondary, respectively, and the results of the following table were obtained when the rate constants k2 and k3 were measured. Using this data, find the values of k1, k2, and k3 at 6 0°C. 속도상수 kı k₂ k3 25(°C) (L/(mel-min)) 문제①에서 구함 0.0255 0.0881 문제에서 구함 0.0510 0.141 문제 0.0965 0.218 구함 에서 ? ? ? 45 55 65 60
(2) The previous reaction is intended to be performed at 60°C using one batch reactor. With the concentration of triglyceride (A) set to CA0 = 1 mol/L, what is the reaction time required to dial 90%? At that time, what are the concentrations of diglyceride (B), monoglyceride (C), glycerol (G) and methyl ester (P) in the reactor, respectively? 3 If it takes about 100 minutes to prepare for the next reaction after the reaction, how many times a year can this reaction be performed? What is the volume of the reactor required to achieve the target annual output accordingly? (When reacted, the reactant is filled to about 80% of the volume of the reactor and reacted, operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year.)
(3) This reaction is performed in the Continuous Stirring Tank Reactor (CSTR) using an inflow flow (CA0 = 1 mol/L) containing only A and M. If the volume flow rate is vo = 1 L/min and A is 90% conversed, what is the required volume of the CSTR reactor?
2 What are the concentrations of B, C, G, and P in the reactor runoff? 3 When operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year, what is the volume of the CSTR reactor to achieve annual production? (4) This reaction is performed in a plug flow reactor (PFR) using an inflow flow (v0 = 1 mol/L) containing only A and M. Assuming that the volume flow rate is v0 = 1 L/min and A is 90% conversed, what volume of the PFR reactor is required? (Compare this value to the volume of the reactor obtained in Problems (2) and (3) and consider it!) 2 What are the concentrations of B, C, G, and P in the reactor runoff? (Compare and consider these values with the concentration values obtained in problems (2) and (3)!) 3 When operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year, what is the volume of reaction to achieve annual production?
(5) Under the same conditions as in problem (4), set the volume flow rate to v0 = 1 L/min and call A 90%. The price of biodiesel (P) is $1 per liter, production costs such as raw material cost, labor cost, separation and purification cost are $0.5 per liter, and maintenance costs are $50 per liter of reactor volume per year. What is the volume V of the reactor and the conversion rate X with the highest annual net profit? Additional explanation: As the volume of the PFR reactor increases, X increases and annual production increases, and accordingly, per year Net income increases and then decreases, thus maximizing net income in a particular volume. Hint: Since it operates 24 hours a day, 1 year, and 250 days, the annual production volume of P can be calculated as follows, and using it, the annual net income is expressed as a function of Cp and V (Volume) and the maximum is obtained by polymath. ■ Annual production volume of P (unit L) = Fp (292) (1/0.86) (1/1000) (60) (24) (250) (6) If the investment cost is insufficient and a PFR of the size obtained in Problem (5) cannot be purchased, what measures can be proposed to achieve the target telephone rate and annual output? (Applies possible response engineering theories and principles to alternatives) "Open-ended Problem "Open-ended Problem")