1. Today, water pollution has been highlighted to be the major environmental concern, driven by the rising industrial de

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1. Today, water pollution has been highlighted to be the major
environmental concern, driven by the rising industrial development,
new emerging pollution release, and economical growth. Large
quantities of contaminants which could not be effectively degraded
by the natural processes have been discharged into the waterways,
in overwhelming the self-purification capacity of the water
system.
(a) In view of the rising cases of water pollution, define the
two main types of water pollution, with relevant examples.
(4 marks)
(b) In relation to the issue, describe the application of the
followings in water quality management
(i). Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI)
(ii). Malaysian National Water Quality Standards (MNWQS)
(iii). Effluent discharge standards under Environmental Quality
Act 1974, Regulation 2009.
(6 marks)