Question 1 The Design of a new freeway with 4 lanes is due to start in August this year. The road will open in 4 years.

[answerhappygod]

Question 1 The Design Of A New Freeway With 4 Lanes Is Due To Start In August This Year The Road Will Open In 4 Years 1 (61.44 KiB) Viewed 11 times

Question 1 The Design of a new freeway with 4 lanes is due to start in August this year. The road will open in 4 years. It is estimated that the present average daily traffic (ADT), in both directions is 10 000 vehicles per day (vpd) with 22% heavy vehicles. Assume the following: • heavy vehicles averaging 1.6 E80s each • Traffic growth rate 2% per annum during the design and construction period; • Traffic growth rate 4% per annum after opening the road to traffic and • Both the design and analysis period are 25 years. • Lane distribution factor of 0.95 Calculate the cumulative equivalent traffic for the design period and state the traffic class. Cleary show all your calculation steps. REFER TO ANNEXURE X for the required information. [20 MARKS] Question 2 2.1 Discuss what is Haul and Mass-haul diagram? (4 Marks) 2.2 Give the different between the (Free Haul, Overhaul and Economic Haul) (6 Marks) 2.3 List factors affecting pavement thickness. (4 Marks) 2.4 Draw and label the structure representing Present Serviceability Index with time and traffic. (7 Marks) 2.5 List the problems that one might encounter if the gravel road is not designed according to TRH 20. (9 Marks) [30 Marks] [50 MARKS] OUNISA 2022
TABLE 12 Traffic growth factor (f) for calculation of cumulative traffic over prediction period from initial (daily) traffic Prediction f, for traffic increase, I (% per annum) period, y (years) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 1611 4 1692 1776 1863 1953 2047 2145 2246 1534 1937 2 351 3 259 5 2 056 2 180 2312 2451 2 597 2750 2911 3081 6 2 348 2517 2 698 2891 3 097 3.317 3551 3801 4 349 4066 5229 7 2767 2 998 3247 3517 3 809 4 832 5 657 4 124 5028 4 464 5506 8 3 195 3 497 3 829 4 192 4591 6601 7 226 9 3631 4017 4 445 4 922 5452 6040 6 693 6 029 7417 9027 8 220 9 109 10 4076 4 557 5 099 5710 6 398 7173 10 130 11 369 8 046 9588 4530 5119 5 792 6 561 7440 11 8443 10 895 12 384 14 081 12 4 993 5 703 6 526 7480 8 585 9 865 11 347 13 061 15 044 17 336 13 5465 6311 7305 8 473 9 845 11 458 13 352 15 575 18 183 21 241 14 5947 6943 8130 9545 11 231 13 242 15 637 18 490 21 887 25 927 15 6 438 7600 9 005 10 703 12 756 15 239 21 872 26 257 31 551 18 242 21212 16 6 939 8284 9 932 11 953 14 433 17 477 25 795 31414 38 299 17 7450 10 915 13 304 16 278 19 983 24 598 30 346 37 500 46 397 8 995 9734 7971 18 11 957 14 762 18 308 22 790 28 458 35 625 44 680 56 115 19 8 503 10 503 13 061 16 338 20 540 25 934 32 859 41 748 53 154 67 776 9 045 11 303 14 232 20 18 039 22 995 29 455 37 875 48 851 63 152 81 769 25 11 924 15 808 21 227 28 818 39 486 54 506 75 676 105 517 147 559 206 727 30 15 103 21289 30 587 44 656 66 044 98 656 148 459 224 533 517 664 35 18 612 27 958 43 114 67 927 108 816 176 464 288 595 474 509 340 661 782 431 1793 095 1291 373 40 22 487 36 071 59 877 102 120 177 700 313 586 558 416 999 544 3216 609 1,365 (1+0.01.) (1+0,01-10.01 )
TABLE 11 Traffic growth factor (g) for calculation of future or initial traffic from historical traffic data "g, for traffic increase, I (% per annum) Time between determination of axle load data 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and opening of road, x (yrs) 1 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 2 1,04 1,06 1,08 1,10 1,12 1,14 1,17 1,19 1,21 3 1,16 1,19 1,23 1,26 1,30 1,33 1,06 1,08 1,13 4 1,31 1,36 1,41 1,46 5 1,34 1,40 1,47 1,54 1,61 6 1,09 1,12 1,17 1,22 1,26 1,10 1,16 1,22 1,28 1,13 1,19 1,27 1,34 1,42 1,15 1,23 1.32 1.41 1,17 1,27 1,37 1,48 1,20 1,30 1,77 7 1,50 1,61 1,50 1,59 1,68 1,71 1,85 1,83 1,95 1.99 8 1,59 1,72 2,14 9 1,69 1,84 2,00 2,17 2,36 1,42 1,55 1,48 1,63 1,22 1,34 1,79 1,97 2,16 2,37 2,59 10 9. (1+0,01.1)
ROAD ES0.003 CAT. B C D ES0.01 < 3000 0,3-1,0x10 WATERBOUND MACADAM BASES PAVEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY 80KN/LANE ES0.3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES0.03 ESO.1 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 4 ES30 10-30x10 6 30-40A 40A 125 WM1150 WM1 LED 150 C3 125 C3 125 C4 40A St 100 WM2 150 GS S* 125 WM2 150 GS S or 30A 125 WM2 125 WM1 150 C4 125 C4 125 C4 S S S 100 WM2100 WM2125 WM2 125 C4 150 G5 100 C4 125 WM2 150 G5 S' 100 WM2 100 C4 S' 100 WM2 125 GS TIS 50A* 150 WM1 150 C3 150 C3 DATE 1996 ES 100 30-100x10 Foundation 150 G7 150 G9 G10
CEMENTED BASES PAVEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE) ES0.01 ESO.03 ESQ.1 ESO.3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES 100 ROAD ESO.003 CAT. 6 6 < 3000 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 10-30x10 30-100x10 30A 150 C3 A $200 C4 S B C D -51 100 C4 100 GB 51 100 C4 125 GB 51 125 C4 125 G7 SA 35 100 C4 100 G6 $1 150 C4 150 G7 S 200 C3 S 125 C4 125 GS S 125 C4 125 G6 S 125 C3 150 C4 S 125 C3 125 C4 -S 125 C4 150 G6 125 C3 200 C4 S 150 C3 150 C4 DATE 1996 Foundation 150 G7 150 G9 G10 150 G9 G10 S/30A 150 C3 300 C4
ROAD CAT A B C D E$0.003 < 3000 HOT-MIX ASPHALT BASES PAVEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY (80 KN AXLES/LANE) ESO.01 ES0.03 ESO.1 ESO.3 ES10 ES100 0,3-1,0x104 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x106 ES1 ES3 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 40A 80 BC 250 C3 3,0-10x10 40A 90 BC ES30 10-30x10 40A 120 BC 30-100x10 50A 180 BC 400 C3 450 C3 - 304 80 BC 200 C4 300 C3 30A 80 BC 300 C3 DATE 1996 Foundation 150 G7 150 G9 G10
ROAD CAT. A B C D ESO.003 < 3000 $1 100 G5 2100 G7 GRANULAR BASES (WET REGIONS) DATE 1996 PAVEMENT CLASS AND DESIGN BEARING CAPACITY (80 kN AXLES/LANE) ES0.01 ES0.03 ESQ.1 ES0.3 ES1 ES3 ES10 ES30 ES 100 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 0,1-0,3x10 0,3-1,0x10 1,0-3,0x10 3,0-10x10 10-30x10 30-100x106 30-100x10 Foundation 30A 150 G1 40A 150 G1 50A 150 G1 200 C3 400 C3 300 C3 (250 C3) (300 C3) 5/30A 150 G1 40A 150 G1 150 G2 150 G7 150 C4 200 C4 300 C4 (250 C4) 150 G9 G10 150 G2 200 GS 100 G5 125 C4 125 G2 150 C4 125 G4 150 G2 125 G6 150 GS S $1 100 G4 125 G6 150 G4 150 G6 150 G9 S G10 $1 100 G5 125 GS 100 C4 150 C4 innan 51 100 G5 125 G7 100 G4 125 G7 S 125 G5 125 C4 150 G4 150 G6 125 G4 125 G6 100 G5 125 C4 GAE PARLE IS 150 G2** 200 C4 IS 150 G2 150 G4