11. Possible contributors to constipation include all of the following EXCEPT___. a. Clostridium difficile infection b.

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11. Possible contributors to constipation include all of
the following EXCEPT___.
a. Clostridium difficile infection
b. low-fiber diet
c. dehydration
d. iron supplements
12. Physical activity helps ___.
a. build lean body mass
b. slow the loss of bone mass
c. improve aerobic fitness
d. All of the above
13. Oxidative damage to the eye may be caused by ___.
a. cellular metabolism
b. UV light
c. Smoking
d. all of the above
14. Osteoporosis should be a concern for __.
a. postmenopausal women
b. those who had inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake before
age 30
c. men of advanced age (>75 yrs)
d. All of the above
15. If left untreated GERD can lead to
a. xerostomia.
b. strictures.
c. diverticulitis.
d. anemia.
16. Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is used as a biomarker for
vitamin deficiency anemia because it ___.
a. increases with B12 deficiency.
b. decreases with B12 deficiency.
c. increases with iron deficiency.
d. decreases with iron deficiency.
17. __________ may also lessen bone loss but increases the
risk of breast cancer.
a. Hormonal contraception such as the Depro Provera Shot
b. Hormone Replacement Therapy for menopause
c. Prostate cancer treatments
d. All of the above
18. Leutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids that
a. are converted to Vitamin A in the body.
b. absorb blue wavelength light in the eye.
c. are found in fatty fishes.
d. regenerate Vitamin E.
19. In what way might osteoporosis relate to a person’s
BMI?
a. Osteoporosis is more common in overweight women who have
higher BMIs.
b. Kyphosis, or a curvature of the spine, may reduce height but
not affect weight.
c. Osteoporosis increases body weight.
d. BMI will not be affected because osteoporosis does not affect
body weight.
20. In older adults, Xerostomia is most often caused by
a
a. reduction in metabolic rate.
b. stroke.
c. side effect of medications.
d. vitamin B12 deficiency.
21. For bone turnover in older adulthood (age 65 +),
a. resorption is greater than ossification
b. resorption equals ossification
c. resporption is less than ossification
d. ossification stops but resporption continues
22. To treat their B12 deficiency, individuals with
pernicious anemia should
a. increase B12 food sources.
b. consume foods fortified with B12.
c. receive intramuscular injections of vitamin B12.
d. any of the above would be sufficient to treat the
deficiency.
23. Increasing foods with Omega 3 fats in your diet may
decrease the risk of ___.
a. Heart disease
b. Cognitive decline
c. Age related macular degeneration
d. All of the above
24. Hypovitaminosis D may result in ___.
a. reduced calcium absorption in the intestine
b. anemia
c. neuropathy
d. all of the above
25. Gastritis can lead to deficiency in which nutrient?
a. Iron
b. Calcium
c. Vitamin B12
d. All of the above