Protein Synthesis Project Due Date Objectives: can demonstrate how the genes in DNA are transcribed through RNA polymera

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Protein Synthesis Project Due Date Objectives: can demonstrate how the genes in DNA are transcribed through RNA polymera

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Protein Synthesis Project Due Date Objectives Can Demonstrate How The Genes In Dna Are Transcribed Through Rna Polymera 1
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Protein Synthesis Project Due Date Objectives: can demonstrate how the genes in DNA are transcribed through RNA polymerase Into mRNA and translated by ribosomes, mRNA, TRNA, RNA and amino acids into a protein that represents a particular trait in an organism. • 1 know how mutations in DNA can affect the expression of a protein as a trait Introduction: Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are lengths of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptides the building blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides, and thus the structure of proteins, in a process called transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA (mRNA) reads and copies the DNA's nucleotide sequences in the form of a complementary RNA molecule. Then the mRNA carries this information in the form of a code to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. The code, In DNA or mRNA specifies the order in which the amino acids are lolned together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mRNA however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) is needed to bring the mRNA and amino acids together. As the code carried by mRNA is read" on a ribosome, the proper tRNAs arrive in turn and give up the amino acids they carry to the growing polypeptide chain. The process by which the information from DNA is transferred into the language of proteins is known as translation Project Requirements: Your project will result in an artistic model of a creature from a series of genes that must first undergo transcription and translation to yield a set of traits Part 1: Completed worksheet of creature traits You must first properly decode the genes for your creature Part I must be completed before you can proceed to part 1 1 Part 1: A poster of your creature A self-created drawing, college picture of your creature. 3 Procedures: 1. To determine the texts for each cene of your creature fill in the following information for each box, beginning with Chromosome in the Data Table. You will need to work backwards from the amino acid sequences 2. Write the trait and corresponding amino acid sequence in the box Welte the sequence of codons (mRNA) for each amino acid by using the amino acid chart in your notes. Record this information in the Data Table TRANSLATION) 4. Write the sequence of nucleotides of DNA that are complementary to MDNA sequence (TRANSCRIPTION) 5. Repeat steps 2 through for the remaining chromosomes For Chromosome SONY-Indude the antiodoncs under me bornou will need to AD this) Your creature will also experience one of several mutations that can be found in Figure 2. You can choose your own, but you may NOT use mutation ) Add the mutation to your creatures in red pen/pencil it is clearly different from the rest of the data 8

Gene B DNA Figure 2 Mutations Type 1: Chromosome 2, Gene D- Deletion: No Eyes Valine-Threonine-Stop mRNA L.A. Sequence Trait Type 2: Chromosome 2, Gene B - Substitution: No Color/Pigment Leucine-Stop Type 3: Chromosome 3, Gene B - Inversion: Missing Limb Proline-Serine-Tryptophan Type 4: Chromosome 2, Gene D- Insertion: One Light and Dark Colored Eye Valine-Glycine-Cysteine hromosome 5 Gene A DNA Type 5: Chromosome 1, Gene B-Duplication: Gigantic Size Tyrosine-Tyrosine mRNA Type 6: No Mutation A.A. Sequence Trait Chromosome 1 Traits Gene A - Body Shape Slim/Low Activity Muscled/High Activity Plump/Sedentary Amino Acid Sequence Serine-Glycine-Asparagine Serine-Glycine-Cysteine Serine-Glutamine-Leucine Gene C- Body Covering None Hair/Fur Scales Figure 1 Amino Acid Sequence Tyrosine Proline-Valine Tyrosine-Serine-Valine Glutamic Acid-Serine-Valine Glutamic Acid-Proline-Valine Amino Acid Sequence Glycine-Glycine-Glycine Glycine-Proline-Proline Proline Proline-Proline Feather Gene B - Body Size Small Medium Large Amino Acid Sequence Isoleucine Proline Gene D - Skin Type Smooth Wrinkled Bumpy Tyrosine Chromosome 5 Traits Gene A - Special Gene A - Special Horn(s) Color changing skin Amino Acid Sequence Threonine-Methionine- Histidine Serine-Isoleucine-Proline Tail Amino Acid Sequence Methionine-Arginine- Threonine Isoleucine Alanine-Tyrosine Glutamine-Proline Tryptophan Glycine-Alanine-Valine Antenna Two heads More than two eyes Methionine Arginine- Methionine Glutamic Acid-Glutamic Acid- Proline Compound eyes (fly's eye) Whiskers

Gene A. Skin Pigment Light Medium Gene C- Coloration Two-Tone Bright (Warning) Subdued (Camouflage) Gene D - Eye Color/Size Amino Acid Sequence Leucine-Histidine-Histidine Leucine-Histidine-Isoleucine Leucine-Threonine-Serine Amino Acid Sequence Valine-Threonine-Glycine Dark Amino Acid Sequence Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Phenylalanine-Arginine Arginine-Arginine Amino Acid Sequence Asparagine-Asparagine Asparagine Asparagine-Tyrosine- Asparagine Asparagine-Glutamine Valine Asparagine-Glutamine- Methionine Gene B. Pattern None Striped Dark (Brown/Black) Medium (ught Brown/Green) Light (Blue/Hazel) Valine-Threonine-Leucine Spotted Valine-Threonine-Cysteine Splotchy/Calico Large Asparagine Medium Methionine Small Alanine Chromosome 3 Traits Gene A-Defensive Gene C - Offensive Shell/Armor Teeth/Fangs Spines Claws Poisonous Stinger/Barb Amino Acid Sequence Glycine-Arginine-Threonine Lysine Valine-Methionine Asparagine Tyrosine Tyrosine Phenytalanine Leucine-Histidine Amino Acid Sequence Proline-Tryptophan-Serine Proline-Tyrosine-Tyrosine Proline-Tyrosine-Methionine Proline-Methionine: Methionine Amino Acid Sequence Glutamine-Asparagine Arginine Alanine-Asparagine Arginine Valine-Methionine Asparagine Amino Acid Sequence Isoleucine-Lysine-Tyrosine Isoleucine-Cysteine-Glycine Isoleucine Asparagine Tyrosine Isoleucine-Alanine-Threonine Gene B. Appendages 2 umbs Gene D. Appendage Type Paws/Feet Fins/Flippers Wings and Feet 4 Limbs 6 umbs 8 umbs Pincers/Claws Chromosome 4 Traits Gene A.Facial Features Amino Acid Sequence Gene B. Mouth Sire Amino Acid Sequence Big Nose Phenylalanine Serine Narrow Histidine-Valine Medium Nose Serine-Phenylalanine wide Histidine Serine Small Nose Valine Phenylalanine short Arginine-Phenylalanine No Ears Methionine Alanine Long Gene C-Mouth Type Short Ears Arginine Arginine Amino Acid Sequence Cysteine-Phenylalanine Mathon Annie Long Cars Lysine Beak
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