4 Hydrocyanation Involves The Addition Of Hcn To An Alkene To Form A New C C Bond And Introduce New Functionality Into 1 (55.89 KiB) Viewed 14 times
4 Hydrocyanation Involves The Addition Of Hcn To An Alkene To Form A New C C Bond And Introduce New Functionality Into 2 (44.77 KiB) Viewed 14 times
4. Hydrocyanation involves the addition of HCN to an alkene to form a new C-C bond and introduce new functionality into the compound. A proposed mechanism for the hydrocyanation of ethene to form propionitrile is shown below. 1 Et-CN HCN R3P" RzPir Ni- Ni- E A RzP 2 NH 5 R₂P T R3P Ni---PR3 CN Et CN B D PR3 PRZ R₃P R₂ Pun NIH Et CN 4 с CN 3 a. Draw an overall reaction scheme for this catalytic process. [2 marks] b. Provide the number of valence electrons, coordination number, oxidation state and dn-configuration for complexes 1 - 5. Hint: assume CN is an X- type ligand [5 marks) c. Name steps A-E. [5 marks]
d. Consider complex 1. i. Draw a molecular orbital (MO) energy level diagram to describe the interactions between the nickel and the alkene ligand. You must include sketches of the orbital overlaps for full marks. [4 marks] ii. Suggest a strategy to increase the strength of the interaction between the metal and alkene ligand. Briefly explain how and why this strategy affects metal-carbon and carbon-carbon bond strength and geometry. [4 marks]
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