Researchers studying the acquisition of pronunciation often compare measurements made on the recorded speech of adults a

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Researchers Studying The Acquisition Of Pronunciation Often Compare Measurements Made On The Recorded Speech Of Adults A 1 (236.24 KiB) Viewed 101 times

Researchers studying the acquisition of pronunciation often compare measurements made on the recorded speech of adults and children. One variable of interest is called "voice onset time" (VOT), the length of time between the release of a consonant sound (such as "p") and the beginning of an immediately following vowel (such as the "a" in "pat"). For speakers of English, this short time lag can be heard as a period of breathiness between the consonant and the vowel. Here are the results for some randomly selected 4-year-old children and adults asked to pronounce the word "pat". VOT is measured in milliseconds. In x Children |11|63.5 37.41 Adults 2479.01|28.24 We are interested in whether there is a difference in the mean VOT of all adults and the mean VOT of all children, HA-Hc a) What additional information would you need to confirm that the conditions this test have been met? Select all that apply. Because 11 < 30, the distribution of VOT scores for the sample of 4-year-old children should be Normal. Because 24 < 30, the distribution of VOT scores for the sample of adults should be Normal. Because 11 < 30, the distribution of VOT scores for the population of all 4-year-old children should be Normal. Because 24 < 30, the distribution of VOT scores for the population of all adults should be Normal. b) Write a pair of hypotheses O HO HA-Mc = 0 H: MA-Mc > O HOMA- Mc = 0 H: MA-MC0 0 Ho: Xa - c = 0 Ha: XA-XC+0 O HO HA-Mc = 0 На: ид - до < 0 c) Calculate the standardized test statistic. (3 decimal places) t = d) Determine the p-value. (4 decimal places) P-value = e) What is your conclusion at a = 0.05? O Because the p-value is so large (p-value > 0.05) we fail to reject Ho, there is not enough evidence to say that there is a difference between the average VOT of all adults and the average VOT of all children. O Because the p-value is so large (p-value > 0.05) we reject Ho, there is strong evidence that there is a difference between the average VOT of this sample of adults and the average VOT of this sample of children. O Because the p-value is so large (p-value > 0.05) we reject Ho, there is strong evidence that there is a difference between the average VOT of all adults and the average VOT of all children. O Because the p-value is so large (p-value > 0.05) we fail to reject Ho, there is not enough evidence to say that there is a difference between the average VOT of this sample of adults and the average Vot of this sample of children. f) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the average VOT of all adults and the average VOT of all children. (2 decimal places)