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QUESTION 3 An Air-Quality Index Table for Nomanian Island (From the Incredible is shown below. The numbers in the table represent the mumber of days during that year that the air quality was in that range (for example, in 2003 there were 258 days with "good" air quality) From the data, does it appear that the air quality on Nomanisan Island is improving, getting worse or staying the same from 1997 - 2003? Year Good (0-50) Moderate (51-100) 154 1997 169 1998 196 136 1999 180 117 2000 166 147 2001 223 82 | 253 70 2002 2003 258 54 Improving Getting Worse Staying the same
QUESTION 4 Consider this representation of the reaction between sulfur dioxide (S02) and oxygen (O2) to form sulfur trioxide (SO3). Are the number of atoms in the reactants and products the same or different? 2502 +03 - 2503 O Number of atoms are the Same Ob Number of atoms are Different QUESTIONS According to scientific studies, the amount of water in inhaled air is less than that in exhaled air. How can we account for this observation? O Water is not used by the human body ob. The body makes water from oxygen and the food we eat, and then we breath it out Oc When our body produces energy (from oxygen and food) it makes water as a waste product, Od water combines with nitrogen in the body to aid our metabolism, then is eliminated when it has done its job O both b&c
QUESTION 6 What are some uses for the products of crude oil? O a. lubricants O b. jet fuel O c. gasoline od plastics. e. All of the above
What does the Figure shown below tell us about UV radiation and the planet earth? Figure 2.5 Variation of solar energy with wavelength of UV radiation above and below the atmo- sphere. Above atmosphere 100 1 At surface of the Earth 10-2 Energy intensity (joules/mês) 1044 10-6 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 Absorption by Og in this region Wavelength (nm) That low energy (lih wavelength light does not reach the surface of the planet b. That high energy (low wavelength light does not reach the surface of the planet
To assess the risk (or potential risks) of air pollution knowledge of two things are required. What are they? O a. Toxicity and Contact O b. Exposure and Danger O Exposure and Toxicity c Od Danger and Exposure QUESTION 9 To be entirely certain how toxic something is to humans you would have to do which of the following? O bacteria studies O b. Non-human animal studies O laboratory studies O d.chimpanzee studies
QUESTION 10 Which most accurately describes the effects of Global Warming in the United States over the last 100 years? O a. Temperatures have risen between 2 and 5°C O b. Temperatures have risen between 0.6 and 1°C Ос. Temperatures have decreased between 0 and -1°C
QUESTION 11 What has happened between the years 1960 and 20002 370- 365 360 355 350 www 345 340 CO2 concentration (ppm) 335 wm 330- 325 320 ww 315 310
320 315 310- 305 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 Years Source: (Data from WHO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate in 1993, World Meteorological Organization, WMO No. 809 and also from U.S. EPA.) the concentration of CO2 has increased the concentration of CO2 has decreased. the concentration of CH4 has increased global warming is occurring
QUESTION 12 Ultraviolet radiation can do what to humans, plants and animals: O a. Can break chemical bonds by moving protons O b. Can break chemical bonds by moving electrons O c. Can break chemical bonds by moving neutrons O d. Nothing QUESTION 13 True or False, sometimes perceived risk is more important to law-makers than real risk. O True O False
QUESTION 14 In 1616 Evangelista Toricelli performed an experiment a drawing of which is pasted on the night. In it, he turned a tube filled with mercury over into an open dish nad allowed the mercury to run into the dish. Surprisingly, not all of the mercury left the tube. In fact, if the weather conditions (humidity, temperature te remained constaat the same amount of mercury ran out of the tube each time. Using this information, Toricelli proposed that Air has a pressure and the force of this air pressing down on the mercury in the dish is keeping the mercury in the tube from running out. He also proposed that air pressure should decrease at higher altitudes How did be test the hypothesis that air pressure should decrease at higher altitudes? 780 mm (76.0 cm Pressure of Hg Atmospheric pressure Pan. Pe He didn't
Parma PHO O a. He didn't O b. He took measurements at sea level and on mountain tops and noticed they were different, thus confirming his hypothesis OC He took measurements at sea level and on mountain tops and noticed they were the same, thus confirming his hypothesis
QUESTION 15 Biotransformation involves chemical reactions that make use of natural catalysts called enzymes to transform a chemical (such as starchy into another chemical found in natural products (such as malic acid that occurs naturally in apples). True Fabe QUESTION 16 Carbon Monoxide is dangerous to humans for what reason? 04. It enters the bloodstream and interferes with the delivery of oxygen ob. It isn't dangerous Ott enters the bloodstream and interferes with our heart and blood delivery system Od changes the oxygen in our body to other, less useful, chemicals
QUESTION 17 Humans contribute to the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. True O False QUESTION 18 There are 118 known chemical elements. What is the definition for a chemical element? O a. A substance that can be broken down into simpler stuff by chemical means Ob. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler stuff by any chemical means. OC. It's another word for a compound O d. It's another word for a molecule
Which of the following represents a balanced chemical equation? O ANO + 02 - 2NO2 ODNO - 02 - NO2 OSNO + 202 - 7NO2 O d. NO + 02 -- NO QUESTION 20 Which of the listed gates is not from natural sources? (natural means it exists in nature and that human do not have to make for it to be present) Ozone Ob Oxygen O Carbon dioxide Od Freon (chlorofluorocarbons)
QUESTION 21 Tre or False, Ozone is both beneficial and harmful to humanity True False QUESTION 22 A group of researchers studied the effect of progesterone (a naturally occurring chemical necessary for healthy pregnancies) on pregnant women whose first child had been bom prematurely. Women whose first child is bom prematurely are at greater risk for subsequent premature births. One roup was given increased amounts of progesterone while another was given a placebo. The study found that increased amounts of progesterone decreased the likelihood of premature birth by 40%. Is this an example of a human intervention study Yes, it is an t is an example of a human intervention study b. No, it is not an example of a human intervention study
QUESTION 23 Water in the gas phase (H2O(g)) is a greenhouse gas. True False QUESTION 24 Weather and Climate are identical (they refer to the exact same concept in every detail). True False QUESTION 25 Of those energies of UV radiation that reach the surface of the planet, which is the most dangerous to plants, animals and humans? O a.uv. b.UV-B OCUVA
What information does the Figure 220 209 Antarctic ozone minimum (60-90° S) 205 205 9/17 200 - 10/15 10/10 189 1979-1992 Nimbus 7 TOMS 9/25 1979-1994 Meteor 3 TOMS 180 1995 (no TOMS in orbit) 173 169 1996-2001 Earth Probe TOMS 9/19 10/18 160 159 1154 10/7 10/3 146 140 10/24 Minimum ozone (DU) 124 120 128 124 10/4 117 10/7 10/10 10/5 120 10/5 111 10/5 104 na 100
9128 80 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year Figure 2.16 Minima in folletrat enbarie ona in antation 1070 mn Tha mumhor shoe aach darin provide? a. between 1979 and 2000 the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere has decreased approximately 40% between 1979 and 2000 the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere has increased approximately 40% Ob. Obetween 1979 and 2000 the concentration of ozone has stayed the same. between 1979 and 20:00 the concentration of ozone bas decreased resulting in a 40% increase in UV radiation striking the surface of the planet and a 12% increase in the rate of skin cancer. O a between 1979 and 2000 the concentration of ozone has increased resulting in a 40% increase in UV radiation striking the surface of the planet and a 12% increase in the rate of skin cancer
The carbon cycle describes the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, land, and water. Which processes remove carbon from the atmosphere? 1. deposition of calcium carbonate in the oceans II. deforestation by cutting and burning trees III. combustion of fossil fuels IV. respiration of humans and animals. 01. 11. lll only Obols 01. IV only Od 11. 11. IV only QUESTION 28 True or False, experimental evidence indicates that carbon dioxide from human-related sources is the cause of recent global warming True False
a How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in a neutral atom of 241 Pu94? O a. protons = 94, neutrons = 147, electrons = 94 Ob protons = 147, neutrons = 94, electrons = 147 O protons = 147, neutrons = 147, electrons = 147. O d. protons = 94, neutrons = 94, electrons = 94. QUESTION 30 What are oxygenated gasolines? a. reformulated gasolines that contain a larger percentage of certain more volatile hydrocarbons Obe reformulated gasolines that contain a smaller percentage of certain more volatile hydrocarbons O reformulated gasolines that contain no volatile hydrocarbons O d. gasolines that have oxygen containing compounds added to them