The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider in CERN. It lies in a tunnel

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The Large Hadron Collider Lhc Is The World S Largest And Highest Energy Particle Collider In Cern It Lies In A Tunnel 1 (88.21 KiB) Viewed 65 times

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider in CERN. It lies in a tunnel 27 kilometres (17 mi) in circumference and as deep as 175 metres (574 ft) beneath the France-Switzerland border near Geneva. The first collisions were achieved in 2010 at an energy of 3.5 teraelectronvolts (TeV) per beam, about four times the previous world record at that time. The LHC primarily collides proton beams. The LHC's goal is to allow physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics such as the Higgs boson searching for the large family of new particles predicted by supersymmetric theories, and other unresolved questions in particle physics. In the past, most experiments in particle physics involved stationary targets: one particle usually a proton or an electron was accelerated to a high energy E, and collided with a target particle at rest (Fig. (a) below). Far higher relative energies are obtainable with the same accelerator if you accelerate both particles to energy E such as LHC, and fire them at each other (Fig. (b) below). E Target E E (a) (b) A. Classically, the energy Ē of one particle, relative to the other, is just 4E which is not much of a gain since there is only a factor of 4. Show this statement using classical mechanics. B. Relativistically, the gain of Ē can be enormous. Assuming the two particles have the same mass, m, show that Ē = 2E2 mc? mc2 C. Suppose useing protons (mc2 = 1 GeV) with E = 30 GeV. What Ē do you get? D. What multiple of E does this amount to? Because of this relativistic enhancement, most modern elementary particle experiments involve colliding beams, instead of fixed targets. Note: 1 GeV=109 electron volts.