Please help to complete the chart and the phylogenetic tree:
A) Complete this chart, Note that some characters have
already been completed for you.
B) Use the designated letters for each character to map
each character (as a tick mark) onto the phylogenetic tree on the
next page.
C) Based on where you placed these characters on the
tree, note—in the far right column of this table—whether a
character is a synapomorphy (S), autapomorphy (A), symplesiomorphy
(X), or homoplasy (H).
Please Help To Complete The Chart And The Phylogenetic Tree A Complete This Chart Note That Some Characters Have Alre 1 (133.71 KiB) Viewed 124 times
Please Help To Complete The Chart And The Phylogenetic Tree A Complete This Chart Note That Some Characters Have Alre 2 (211.32 KiB) Viewed 124 times
Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Phyla Annelida earthworm Porifera sponge SAXH Cnidaria anemone Platyhelminthes flatworm Mollusca abalone sea star Characters Representative animal Head Mouth Gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive system) Complete digestive system (with anus) Hydrostatic skeleton Exoskeleton Endoskeleton Shell (+ exoskeleton) Radial symmetry Pentamerous symmetry (5-part) Bilateral symmetry At least two embryonic tissue layers (ectoderm and endoderm only) All three embryonic tissue layers Body cavity Y (as larvae) Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y
Porifera ANCESTRAL PROTIST Metazoa Ctenophora Cnidaria Eumetazoa Acoela 770 million years ago 680 million years ago Hemichordata Echinodermata Bilateria Deuterostomia Chordata Platyhelminthes 670 million years ago Rotifera Ectoprocta Lophotrochozoa Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Nematoda Ecdysozoa Arthropoda
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