: LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 4 Objective: To demonstrate the operation of a pn junction diode Component List: TABLE 4.0 Compo

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Laboratory Experiment 4 Objective To Demonstrate The Operation Of A Pn Junction Diode Component List Table 4 0 Compo 1 (89.53 KiB) Viewed 35 times

Laboratory Experiment 4 Objective To Demonstrate The Operation Of A Pn Junction Diode Component List Table 4 0 Compo 2 (82.69 KiB) Viewed 35 times

Laboratory Experiment 4 Objective To Demonstrate The Operation Of A Pn Junction Diode Component List Table 4 0 Compo 3 (72.78 KiB) Viewed 35 times

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: LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 4 Objective: To demonstrate the operation of a pn junction diode Component List: TABLE 4.0 Components Resistors 1 x 820 Ω 1 x 1 MO Values 1 x 1N4007 Diodes Connecting wires Variable power supply Procedure: 1 Measure and record the resistance of the resistors listed in Table 4.1. Then check the resistance of the diode. Select a low ohm range and measure the forward and reverse resistance by reversing the diode. The diode is good on this test if the resistance is significantly different between the forward and reverse directions. If you are using an auto ranging meter, the meter may not produce enough voltage to overcome the barrier potential. You should select a low ohm range and hold the range. Record the data in Table 4.1 Table 4.1 Component Listed Value Measured Value R1 820 Ω R2 1.Ο ΜΩ D1 forward resistance D1 reverse resistance [TURN OVER] 15 Anode Cathode 1N4007 Physical Appearance Anode Cathode Schematic Diagram 2 2 Construct the forward-biased circuit shown in Figure 4.1. The line on the diode indicates the cathode side of the diode. Set the power supply for zero volts.

R1 w 8202 Vs 01 Figure 4.1 3 Monitor the forward voltage drop. VF, across the diode. Slowly increase Vs to establish 0.45 V across the diode. Measure the voltage across the resistor, Vri, and record it in Table 4.2. Table 4.2 VF (measured) VR1 (measured) IF (computed) 0.45 V 0.50 V 0.55 V 0.60 V 0.65 V 0.70 V 0.75 V [TURN OVER] 16 4 ELA1501-Practical-2022 The diode forward current, IF, can be found by applying Ohm's Law to R1. Compute le and enter the computed current in Table 4.2. 5 Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each voltage listed in Table 4.2. 6 With the power supply set to the voltage that causes 0.75 V to drop across the diode, bring a hot soldering iron near the diode. Do not touch the diode with the iron. Observe the effect of heat on the voltage and current in a forward-biased diode. If you have freeze spray available, test the effect of spray on the diode's operation. Describe your observations. R2 1ΜΩ D1 Vs Figure 4.2 7 The data in this step will be accurate only if your voltmeter has very high input

R2 1ΜΩ D1 Vs 号 Figure 4.2 7 The data in this step will be accurate only if your voltmeter has very high input impedance. You can find out if your meter is high impedance by measuring the power supply voltage through a series 1.0 MQ resistor. If the meter reads the supply voltage accurately, it has high input impedance. Connect the reverse-biased circuit shown in Figure 4.2. Set the power supply to each reverse voltage listed in Table 4.3, (VR). Measure and record the voltage across R2 (VR2). Use this voltage and Ohms Law to compute the reverse current in each case. Enter the computed current in Table 4.3. Table 4.3 VR (measured) VR2 (measured) IR (computed) 5.0 V 10.0 V 15.0 V [TURN OVER] 17 Conclusion: [26]

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT 5 Objective: The aim of this section is to allow student to familiarize him/herself with the basic BJT transistor concepts. The student at the end of this experiment should be able to measure the voltage at terminals of BJT transistor and interpret the datasheet of the BJT transistor. Materials needed: Material/ Components Values Resistors R1 = 100k Ω,330kΩ R2 = 8202 Transistor 1 x BC337 NPN power transistor Power Supply 12 V DC Digital Multimeter (DMM) Cables LED1 R2 S1 R1 M Q1 BC327 V1 - 12V Figure 5.1 BJT transistor Parameters Measured (R=100k ) Measured (R1=330k ) VBE VCE 19 Conclusion 1. What is the difference between PNP and NPN transistor? 2. Close S1 and observe the LED. Describe your observation. 3. Open S1 and observe the LED. Describe your observation

Conclusion 1. What is the difference between PNP and NPN transistor? 2. Close S1 and observe the LED. Describe your observation. 3. Open S1 and observe the LED. Describe your observation 4. Describe cut-off state of a transistor and when does it happen? 5. Describe saturation state of a transistor and when does it happen? 6. Change R1 to 330 k and close S1, observe if there are any changes to LED?