Consider the example of the emergency treatment of septic shock (Rosenbaum, 2017). Some patients who arrived at the emer

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Consider the example of the emergency treatment of septic shock
(Rosenbaum, 2017). Some patients
who arrived at the emergency department due to septic shock
received the aggressive protocol, and others
received the less-aggressive protocol. To examine the effect of
aggressive versus less-aggressive
treatment for patients on in-hospital 60-day mortality, it is
necessary to discover the causal effect of
receiving the aggressive treatment. There was a finite population
made up of the 885 = 439 + 446 patients
who received either the aggressive treatment or the less-aggressive
treatment. The 885 patients living in a
small town is divided roughly in half at random by repeated flips
of a fair coin and the coinflips
determined whether a patent received either the aggressive
treatment or the less-aggressive treatment.
What is the intervention, what are the subjects, and how do you
define the treatment and control groups in
this example? Do you think that the treatment was randomly
assignment?