Indicate the one major type of limitation that is possible in each of the situations described below. Choose from the fo

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Indicate the one major type of limitation that is possible in
each of the situations described below. Choose from the following:
selection bias, information bias, confounding, random error, or
limited generalizability. Choose only one per example.
1) A case-control study was designed to test whether persons
exposed to certain types of pesticides during early childhood were
more likely to develop neurological problems in later adulthood.
The results were statistically significant. The cases consisted of
those with severe but treatable neurological disorders, and the
controls consisted of those without any diagnosed neurological
disorders. Both the cases and controls were asked detailed
questions about their pesticide exposures during early childhood.
What limitation does this study have?
2)In a study of weight loss, a scale was used that added a few
pounds more or subtracted a few pounds less each time the scale was
used. This resulted in an imprecise measurement of weight, the
direction of which, was completely unpredictable. Since the
researcher did not realize this, no efforts were made to adjust for
the problem by either getting another scale or by taking repeated
measurements that would average out over time.
3) In order to prevent confounding by gender and smoking status,
a study of the relationship between exercise and heart attacks is
conducted with a sample of men who do not smoke. Although
confounding by smoking status was prevented, another limitation was
thereby introduced into the study. What was this limitation?