Question 1 (10 marks) The temperature measurements taken at the Hong Kong observatory over the last century revealed a s

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Question 1 (10 marks) The temperature measurements taken at the
Hong Kong observatory over the last century revealed a systematic
trend of increasing temperature. Propose a method how to estimate
the increasing trend (per year) and its uncertainty. Provide a
numerical example by using 100 values of the mean annual
temperature measurements. Provide the result in terms of annual
(linear) temperature change (over the last century) and its
uncertainty. Moreover, propose the method to estimate a non-linear
trend in temperature measurements and asses if the estimated value
is stochastically significant.