1. What issues made the politics of the 1790s so divisive? Name at least TWO, and explain why you think so. 2. What were

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1. What issues made the politics of the 1790s so divisive? Name at least TWO, and explain why you think so.
2. What were the first two political parties? What did they believe and support? Who were their famous members?
3. What changes, if any, impacted women's rights?
4. What was the Revolution of 1800?
5. What were two important things Jefferson did as president?
“The Revolution of 1800”: The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson: 3rd president of the United States
Republican Agrarianism Jefferson envisioned the U.S. as a country of "roughly equallyeomen farmers Encouraged a concem for the community good that was essential for a republic Marbury vs. Madison, 1803 Chief Justice John Marshall: The principle of federal judicial review and the power of the court to say what the law is"
Jefferson and Napoleon Louisiana Purchase Louisians Territory D) 1803 oraana Tar 1804 The French regain Louisiana Territory in 1800 The United States and Haiti: Napoleon's failed attempt to retake Haiti forced him to sell Louisiana to the U.S. OKATLANTIC OCEAN
. . Meriwether Lewis and William Clark: The Voyage of Discovery, 1804-06 Goals of the Mission: Survey the Louisiana Purchase • Find an overland route to the Pacific Ocean • Establish relations w/ Native Americans they encounter and collect ethnographic data about them Inform them that they owed loyalty to the тта Lewis and Clark's Route Across the Continent OREGON BRITISH TERRITORY Chat wid NA COUNTRY Oy RANDO CONTRY 29 Lewis & Clark LTCENTENNIAL . NOW. National Ch ENTRE LOUISIANA PURCHASE ensaide LLO SPANIS OF DISCOV UN ES PRACE CORPS
Sacajawea: Shoshone wife of one of the expedition members Interpreter and guide Lewis and Clark's Route Across the Continent: 33 men in total, 32 return OREGON BRITISH TERRITORY M . COUNTRY BUNG CORTE 29 Lewis & Clark ENTRY NOLA LOUISIANA NG PURCHASE کلاه با ne Shop OP CORP UNITED STATES COVERY Adap SPANISH TERRITORY YEARS TO THE FUTURE North America, cime
THE UNITED STATES IN 1790 AND ABOUT 1802 Spring 1789: new federal govt. assumed power in NYC April 30. 1789: Washington's inauguration Re-elected without opposition in 1792 AN Washington and Adams: Saw the formation of the presidential Cabinet, and the beginnings of U.S. foreign policy, federal Indian policy, and political parties George Washington John Adams
The Judiciary Act of 1789: implements Article III of the Constitution Congress creates a high court of 6 justices (in 1869, this grew to 9) and established 3 circuit and 13 district courts John Jay = Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
12:02 Hamilton's Controversial. Eissal Program: "Report on Public Credit (1790) 1) the federal govt. should take on the obligations accumulated by the states during the previous 15 years 2) redeem the national dahod to both Hamilton wanted to inspire the confidence of domestic & foreign investors 3 Congress agreed to pay off the S11 million owed to foreign creditors, BUT debated funding the $27 million domestic debt and assuming the $25 million in state debts Congress deadlocked for 6 months India July 1790: The federal capital sunyocc.open.suny.edu - Private
in ons pa ashington, DC Bvirginia Beach Nate-Dayton Charlotte July 1790: The federal capital moved to Philadelphia until the District of Columbia was built in 1800 Bitlanta Interpreting the Constitution • Hamilton supported a Bank of the United States • Narrowly passed Congress, but Washington had constitutional questions . Asked the Cabinet for advice • 2 interpretations of constitutional authority: . (1) strict constructionist" = Jefferson, argued that the powers of the federal govt. must be limited to those specifically stated in the Constitution: . (2) "loose constructionist" = Hamilton, the Constitution "implied" the power to use whatever means were “necessary and proper" to carry out its enumerated powers 1792: Jefferson and Hamilton were in a full- scale feud within Washington's administration Debates over American foreign policy intensified the feud and drove a wedge between Washington and Jefferson WASHINGTON AND HIS CABINET
Impact of the French Revolution . Celebrated in the U.S. at first, but divisions arose when the Reign of Terror began • When England and France went to war, the U.S. debated on whether to get involved . All of Washington's Cabinet agreed that the US should stay neutral: keep us out of war & would offer tremendous economic opportunities in trade • BUT Hamilton and Jefferson disagreed on what course the U.S. should chart in "Citizen" Edmund Washington issued a formal proclamation of neutrality on April 22, 1793 Genet demands that Congress debate the issue. This was a mistake. Jefferson, a previous supporter of Genet, is frozen out and leaves the administration Citer dan THE UNITED STATES IN 1790 AND ABOUT 1802
The Trade and Intercourse Act, 1790 • The U.S. would "regulate trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes" • Created a federal licensing system and a network of official trading houses • Public treaties between the U.S. and Indian nations are the only legal way to obtain Indian land These acts were well intended but Conflict: U.S. priority was securing the West for its own citizens Villages of Shawnees, Delawares, and others united under the Miami war chief Little Turtle The U.S. launched campaigns against Little Turtle's coalition in the early 1790s The early wars do not go well for the U.S. Fall 1790: Little Turtle's forces crush American troops led by General Josiah Harmar
Nov. 1791: Little Turtle defeats Gen. Arthur St. Clair over 900 Americans were killed or wounded; the worst defeat of an American amu hu Indians in North American history Event: St Chur's defeat in the Old Northwest Date: November 1791 Washington then appoints Gen. Anthony Wayne to lead a stronger American force to secure the Northwest The Battle of Fallen Timbers. Aug 20.1794: "Mad Anthony Wayne crushes the Indian force The Treaty of Greenville, 1795
The Treaty of Greenville, 1795 Treaty of Greenville Treaty of Greenville: 12 Indian nations meet with American diplomats spalio Hall. Alle Vw The Natives ceded most of present-day Ohio, parts of Indiana, & other areas in the Northwest, including the town of Detroit & the village of Chicago to the U.S. KEY Several crises hit the Washington Administration in 1794 • Western settlers were angry • The British and Spanish violated our borders • The British seized 250 American ships
Several crises hit the Washington Administration in 1794 • Western settlers were angry • The British and Spanish violated our borders • The British seized 250 American ships trying to trade with the French The Whiskey Rebellion. Summer 1794: farmers in western PA riot to oppose a tax on the distillation of whiskey New international treaties • Jay Treaty. 1794: the British agreed to leave American territory by 1796; secured trade benefits, and gave "most-favored-nation" status for both countries Pinckney Treaty. 1795: Spain settled the boundary with the U.S. at the 31st parallel and .
• Pinckney Treaty. 1795: Spain settled the boundary with the U.S. at the 31st parallel and opened the Mississippi River to American shipping the following year Washington rejects the offer of a third term for the presidency Published his Farewell Address to the nation: 1) American disinterest in Europe affairs (but not isolation); THE ADDRESS OF to the Propli GEN. WASHINGTON of merita. UNITED
Partisan Politics in Early America: Adams, Jefferson, and the first political parties 1. The Rise of Political Parties • The 1st Party System Federalists: • Favored a strong federal govt. • After 1800: The minority party, strongest in New England Democratic-Republicans or Jeffersonian Republicans: • Limited federal power and stronger state control • After 1800: The majority party 2. The 1796 Election: John Adams wins the presidency, Jefferson came in second - he became vice-president 1796 ELECTORAL VON TOTAL
The Adams Presidency: Adams retained many of Washington's appointees, 2 sources of opposition: Jefferson and Hamilton The "Quasi-War" with France The “Quasi-War”: 1796-98 • France suspended diplomatic relations w/ the U.S. after the Jay Treaty (1794) No official declaration of war, but hostilities every time they. meet • 1796: France starts seizing American vessels • 1796-98: 300 American vessels are seized $20 million worth of cargo confiscated • 20 dead, 42 wounded .
The "Quasi-War": 1796-98 • France suspended diplomatic relations w/ the U.S. after the Jay Treaty (1794) • No official declaration of war, but hostilities every time they meet • 1796: France starts seizing American vessels • 1796-98: 300 American vessels are seized • $20 million worth of cargo confiscated • 20 dead, 42 wounded . The XYZ Affair The French will only see American diplomats if paid a bribe • The Jeffersonians refuse to believe it • Adams releases the proof individuals listed as "X". "Y", and Z" • Adams's popularity soars due to anti-French feelings The Alien and Sedition Acts. 1798 • The Naturalization Act: • The residency requirement for citizenship went from 5 years to 14 years (5 years today) • The Alien Act and the Alien Enemies Act: • The president could imprison or deport suspected aliens during wartime • The Sedition Act: • Fines and jail time for anyone convicted of • writing.
wy publishing. or speaking anything of "a false, scandalous and malicious" nature against the gove or any of its officers Federalists prosecute "dissent: indict, fine, and imprison 25 newspaper editors, writers, and politicians The 1st person charged was Vermont congressman Matthew Lyon
Lyon's defense: Protected by the 1st Amendment; Not motivated by malicious intent: What he said was true Found guilty: 4 months in jail, $1,000 fine Inflamed partisan divisions: Lyon becomes a martyr, his fine was paid by the J.R.s and he's reelected The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. 1798 • Jefferson and Madison "anonymously" wrote them • Ist Kentucky Resolution 1798: • The Constitution granted specific powers to the foderal government • The Alien and Sedition Acts violated the 1st and 10th amendments • Virginia Resolution. 1798 • States had the right to determine unconstitutional laws • and "interpose" methods to stop them The 2nd Kentucky Resolution. 1799 • Kentucky delegates draft a 2nd resolution • NOT done by Madison or Jefferson • Declared that the Constitution was only a compact between the sovereign states • States could "nullify" unconstitutional laws Seemed to justify secession .
The 2nd Kentucky Resolution. 1799 Kentucky delegates draft a 2nd resolution • NOT done by Madison or Jefferson • Declared that the Constitution was only a compact between the sovereign states • States could "nullify" unconstitutional laws . Seemed to justify secession The Election of 1800: 2 national political parties Federalists: John Adams (P) and Charles Pinckney (VP) Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson (P) and Aaron Burr (VP) The Ist to feature campaign advertising
Sa NOR OF COM NORR TRY WO Adams lost, but it was unclear who won Jefferson and Burr go to the House of Representatives ELECTORAL VOTE 16 states: Jefferson TOTAL 130 needs 9 to win Federalists use this as an opportunity to obstruct Jefferson SO Democratic Republican Jefferson) Federalist Adams The House goes through 35 ballots Rep. James Bayard of Delaware breaks the stalemate . 10 for Jefferson, 4 for Burr, 2 abstain The 12th Amendment is added before the next election Separate categories for president and vice-president on ballots "The Revolution of 1800": Jefferson becomes the 3rd President of the United States Part of the Virginia Dynasty." 4 of the first 5 presidents came from Virginia Washington (1) • Jefferson (3) • Madison (4) . . Monroe (51