Answer Happy

1. What is the chance of disease inheritance for the following cases. (5 marks) (a) Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (mitochondrial gene disorder): Daughter from affected mother and healthy father. (6) Rett syndrome (X-linked dominant disorder): Son from affected father and healthy mother. (c) Tay Sachs disease (autosomal recessive disorder): Son from both heterozygous carrier parents. (d) Familial hypercholesterolemia (autosomal dominant disorder): Daughter from homozygous affected father and heterozygous affected mother. Prader-Willi syndrome (maternal gene imprinting disease): Son from heterozygous carrier father and healthy mother. 2. Graves disease is an autoimmune disease that resulted in hyperthyroidism. Briefly describe the molecular mechanism on how Graves disease develops. (5 marks) 3. Explain how breakdown in T-cell anergy can result in autoimmune disease development. (5 marks) 4. List FIVE factors that may increase the risk of atherosclerosis. (5 marks)