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E A B с D 1 2 Count of Vi Column 3 Row Lata P P Grand Total 4 H 4 12 16 5 M 11 9 20 6 N 18 4 22 7 Grand Tota 33 25 58 8 9 Exoected 10 Row Labels A P Grand Total 11 H 9.10 6.90 16 12 M 11.38 8.62 20 13 N 12.52 9.48 22 14 Grand Tota 33 25 58 15 Proportion 0.568966 0.431034 16 17 DF= 2 2 18 P from Chi: 0.015663 P 19 Chi sa 8.312877 20 21

10.5.16 In a study of the effects of smoking cigarettes during pregnancy, researchers examined the placenta from each of 58 women after childbirth. They noted the presence or absence (P or A) of a particular placental abnormality-atrophied villi. In addition, each woman was categorized as a nonsmoker (N), moderate smoker (M), or heavy smoker (H). The table attached shows, for each woman, an ID number (#) and the results for smoking (S) and atrophied villi (V). (a) Test for a relationship between smoking status and atrophied villi. Use a chi-square test at Q = 0.05. (b) Prepare a table that shows the total number of women in each smoking category, and the number and percentage in each category who had atrophied villi. (c) What pattern appears in the table of part (b) that is not used by the test of part (a)?