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Question 4 4.1 Provide a response to the following statement: "Total passing sight distance on a four-lane, divided road can be calculated as the sum (d1 + d2 + d3 +d4)" (3) 4.2 You are appointed to join the design team responsible for the location of a highway planned in a central African country. The maps of streams and drainage basin are obtained during the desk study step. Briefly explain how such data is useful to the location of the highway. (3) 4.3 Briefly explain the function of guard rails installed at a circular curve section with high fill. (3 4.4 A 4-lane, divided, urban road section has a median with a physical island. It has a lane width = 3.2m, inner shoulder width = 0.8 m, outer shoulder width = 1.0 m, and median width = 3 m. Determine the widths of the travelled way and carriageway. (4) 4.5 Given: the grade length for a section of a 2-lane, two-way rural road= 316 m, and gradient = 5%, verify if a crawler lane is necessary. (4) 4.6 Calculate the minimum required stopping sight distance for a section of road in a flat terrain, given the maximum safe speed = 60 km/h, perception-reaction time = 2.5 sec and brake force coefficient = 0.32 (4) 4.7 Given the current ADT = 15000 veh/day, k factor = 0.11, annual traffic growth is 4.5%, directional distribution factor of 55%, determine the directional design hourly volume after 5 years. (4) [25 marks]