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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN At this point, one molecule of glucose has yielded: - ATP from Glycolysis - ATP from Krebs Cycle The cell has also captured many energetic electrons in electron carrier molecules: - NADH from Glycolysis - NADH from Pyruvate Oxidation - __ NADH from Krebs Cycle - FADH2​ from Krebs Cycle In this 3 rd stage of energy production, these electron carriers give up their to a highly organized transport system called the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). The reactions which occur along the ETC drive the synthesis of many ATP! Steps of The ETC 1. The ETC consists of a series of molecules (many are proteins) which are embedded in the of the mitochondrion. The ETC accepts the from the electron carriers and passes them from one "carrier molecule" of the ETC to the next in a series of successive and reactions. 2. An NADH gives it's to the first carrier molecule located at the beginning of the chain. 3. As the are passed down the ETC, they release which is used to pump ions ( ) from the of the mitochondrion, across the mitochondrial membrane, into the space. 4. A concentration of H+builds up in the space resulting in a high _ gradient for H+. 5. These H+ then flow back across the inner membrane into the down their gradient by diffusion. They do so through special ion channels. 6. The channels contain an ATP-synthesizing enzyme (called ) so that as
the H+flow through the channels, Pi​ ( is joined to ADP to produce 7. Every time an NADH drops off ___ at the beginning of the ETC and the electrons move down the chain, enough __ is released to pump H+ from the matrix to intermembrane space. And every time the H+re-enters the __, one ATP is made. Therefore, every NADH dropping off electrons can produce ATP! 8. Unlike NADH, misses the beginning of the ETC. It drops its electrons off at That means that H+can only be pumped out at sites. can produce ATP. 9. The ATP generated is thus made in the of the mitochondrion. 10. When the reach the last carrier of the ETC called They are then combined with they have lost their ions to form (that diffused into the matrix) and Because is the last molecule to accept the electrons, it is called the " acceptor". The transfer of electrons to oxygen removes them from the ETC chain and allows more electrons to flow down the chain (ie. it prevents a pile-up of electrons). Thus, the ETS can continue to function making more ATP.