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Use the method of successive approximations to determine the pH and concentrations of H2​ A,HA−, and A2− in a solution of 2.59×10−3M monopotassium fumarate (KHA). The pKa​ values for fumaric acid are 3.02(pK21​) and 4.48(pKa​). [H2​ A] [HA−1∣= [A2−1] 1
An amphoteric salt is one that contains an anion that can act as cither an acid or a base in water. Baking soda, NaHCO , is an example. By combining the ionization and hydrolysis reactions of the anion, you get the principle reaction that occurs when this salt is dissolved in water. 2HCO3−​(aq)⇌CO32−​(aq)+H2​CO3​(aq) The pH for such a solution is given by pH=2pKa1​+pKa2​​ where Ka​ and Ka2​ are the ionization constants of the acid (in this case, H2​CO3​ ). Note that the pH of the solution is independen of the salt concentration. Calculate the pH of a NaHCO3​ solution.
Calculate the concentrations of all species in a 0.290MNa2​SO3​ (sodium sulfite) solution. The ionization constants for sulfurous acid are Kal​=1.4×10−2 and Ka2​=6.3×10−8. [Na+]= M[SO32−​]= [HSO3−​]= M [H2​SO3​]= M[H+]= M