8 22 Petroleum Leakage Sensor The Sensor In Figure 8 20 Is Used To Detect Petroleum Leakage Or Water Leakage From Petro 1 (142.5 KiB) Viewed 31 times
8.22 Petroleum leakage sensor. The sensor in Figure 8.20 is used to detect petroleum leakage or water leakage from petroleum-transport hoses. These hoses are made with a double wall, as shown in Figure 8.33, with the sensor between the two walls. The purpose of the sensor is to detect oil leaking out through the inner hose or water leaking in through the outer hose. One simple method of detecting both oil and water is to use two sensors, one set to detect oil, the other set to detect water (a single sensor can be used as well with appropriate detection electronics). The relative permittivity of seawater at optical frequencies is 1.333, the relative permittivity of oil is 1.458, and the relative permittivity of the polycarbonate fiber used for the sensor is 1.585 (at the infrared frequency used for detection). (a) Calculate the range of angles of incidence required in sensor 1 so it will detect water. (b) Calculate the angle of incidence required in sensor 2 so it will detect oil. (c) Will sensor 1 detect oil as well? (d) Will sensor 2 detect water as well? (e) If the answer to (c) or (d) is yes, show what the two sensors will show under various conditions (no leakage, oil leakage, or water leakage) and how detection of water and oil can be guaranteed to be positive. Rubber Water Oil Water Outer hose Inner hose Sensor
492 Sensors, actuators, and their interfaces 12₂=√821₂ n=Nami (a) 0₁ 0₁ Analyte Fiber LED Phototransistor DE Substance being. sensed Optical fiber (b) Figure 8.20 Evanescent loss sensor. (a) Principle. (b) Structure
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