Answer Happy

1. [LO 3, 20 points] Individual work a. Explain what is called as Plagiarism! What are the factors that cause plagiarism based on your opinion? b. Paraphrasing is one of the methods to prevent plagiarism. Explain what is paraphrasing and how to do paraphrasing! c. Paraphrase the paragraph below: Theft of ideas is harder to detect, less understood, yet more relevant. It involves the use of other's ideas, concepts, methods, and engagement with the literature without citation or acknowledgment. Extreme cases of theft of ideas include copying the manuscript's main contribution or conceptual model and presenting it in different words without acknowledgment. For example, Stingl and Geraldi (2017) were plagiarized by a shorter article that consisted of a majority of their ideas written in the author's own words and, hence, not captured by PDS; the plagiarism was found by chance and the journal retracted its publication and issued an apology. This is an extreme case. Other cases are more subtle, for example, mentioning or explaining the concept of strategic misrepresentation and not attributing it to Flyvbjerg et al. (2009). The concept is widely known in project studies, hence plagiarizing it signals unethical behavior or insufficient engagement with the relevant literature. Both are unacceptable. (Joana Geraldi, 2021)