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it hus out all amino acids have a carbonic acid god attached to one side of the atha carbon and an anino mula atom with several hydrogend attached to the other side of the apucation in addition, the spha crtion has a side group, which we call the R group. Since there are 20 amino acids in proteins, there are 20 offerent pros Theses very simple See the amino acids at The Mexicon interactive online rurce for learning boingy developed at The U of Ariznal. Click on Bac Structure of Amino Ace in the upper left side of the pope Here are two amino acids. The carbowylic acid group in on the left side the amino group is on the ruhs. The group is bonded to the bottom of the alpha carbon, and a singe His on top of the alpha carbon O H HỌC CÁC NH H-C-H S-H Take Quiz Cysteine HICTR NH-C-C-OH OH HỌC GIA NHI CHI Alanine HO IN H-N-C-C-OH A HR condensation reactions Exit
HO HO II. NH₂-C-C-N-C-C-OH 11 HR R Question 13 Proteins are more complex than the sequence of amino acids. The amino acid sequence is called the primary structure of a y protein. The string of amino acids is coiled and pleated in places, creating what is called the secondary structure. Then the whole string, along with coils and pleats, is folded into a three-dimensional shape. This three-dimensional shape, the tertiary structure, b what gives proteins, their functionality. There is even a fourth (quatemary) level of structure in proteins, in which different protein subunits (called polypeptides) join together to form a giant functional protein. Peptide bond Proteins serve many functions in living organisms. They are structural materials, they are tiny molecular machines called enzvines, they are receptors and signaling molecules, among many other vital rokes. However, proteins are relatively delicate. They only function correctly in a narrow range of conditions. If a protein is subjected to conditions outside its range of tolerance, it becomes denatured. This means its tertiary structure (it three-dimensional shape is disrupted. This tends to render the protein non- functional, However, it does not change the sequence of the amino acids, so it does not change the nutritional value of the protein How many bonds would you expect this alpha carbon to form? "24" 0.5 pts 912