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Report - Qualitative Analysis: Cations Qualitative Analysis: Na+, K+, NH4+, Ag+, Cu²+, and Bi³+ How will you collect data for this experiment? Unknown Assignment Procedure Overview • Two solutions are tested with various reagents in this analysis: virtually (1) a reference solution containing all six of the cations and (2) an unknown test solution containing three of the cations. By comparing your observations during the testing of the two solution, you will be able to identify the three cations in the test solution. All tests are qualitative; only identification of the cation(s) is required. • You will start with a sample that contains the six cations (reference solution) and analyze it according to the Experimental Procedure. • As you carry out each test, stop and record your observations on the Report Sheet. After the presence of a cation is confirmed, save each test tube (labeled) that contains the characteristic appearance of a cation. Compare these saved tubes with the tubes from your analysis of the test solution (unknowns). • To analyze for cations in your test solution, place the test solution alongside the reference solution during
performed on the reference solution. Record your comparative observations on the report sheet and use these to determine which cations are present. Label all solutions and retain all tubes until until the experiment is complete. You have been assigned the unknown number 1. Enter your unknown number: (6pts) Test for Sodium lon From the procedure 1. Remove the Interfering lons. Place no more than 2 mL of the reference solution in an evaporating dish. Add solid CaO or Ca(OH)2, while stirring, until the solution is basic to litmus (turns red litmus blue). Then add a slight excess of the solid CaO and a pinch of solid (NH4)2CO3. 2. Heat the solution to a moist residue using the setup shown in Figure QC.1 in the lab manual. Allow the evaporating dish to cool and then add up to ~5 mL of deionized water. Stir and decant into a small beaker. 3. Confirmatory Test. The flame test for sodium ion is reliable but also requires some technique. Clean the flame test wire by dipping it in 6.0 M HCI and heating it in the hottest part of a Bunsen flame until the flame is does not change color (Figure 2b). Repeat as necessary. Dip the flame test wire into the solution and place it in the flame. A brilliant yellow persistent flame indicates the presence of sodium. Conduct the sodium flame test on a 0.2 M NaCl solution for comparison. 1
Test used: Flame test Inspect the following images, making observations about the color of the flame. Virtual Flame Test for Sodium Reference Solution 0.2 M NaCl Test Solution
Use your results for the sodium ion test to complete the following table. Select the option for "Observation/Evendence of change" that best matches your observation for each solution. Then, compare these results to determine if your unknown test solution contains sodium ions. Report Table QC.1: Sodium lon Test Results Observations for flame test Reference Solution 0.2 M NaCl Unknown Test Solution # 1 Observation/Evidence of change Choose. Choose... Choose. Choose... Choose. Choose... (1 pts) Enter any additional details about your observations for the sodium ion tests. Table view List view Is Na* present? Choose... Choose... - Choose.. Choose... - Choose... Choose... -
(6pts) Test for Potassium lon From the procedure 4. Confirmatory Test. Carry out a flame test as described for the sodium ion in step 3 using the same solution. A fleeting lavender flame confirms the presence of potassium. If sodium is present, view the flame through cobalt blue glass. Several trials are necessary as the test is judgmental. Conduct the potassium flame test on a 0.2 M KCI solution for comparison Test used: Flame test Inspect the following images, making observations about the color of the flame. Virtual Flame Test for Potassium Reference Solution (through cobalt glass) 0.2 M KCI Test Solution (through cobalt glass)
Virtual Flame Test for Potassium Reference Solution (through cobalt glass) 0.2 M KCI Test Solution (through cobalt glass)
Use your results for the potassium ion test to complete the following table. Select the option for "Observation/Evendence of change" that best matches your observation for each solution. Then, compare these results to determine if your unknown test solution contains potassium ions. Report Table QC.2: Potassium lon Test Results Observations for flame test viewed through cobalt glass Reference Solution 0.2 M KCI Unknown Test Solution # 1 Observation/Evidence of change Choose.. Choose... Choose.. Choose... Choose.. Choose... (1pts) Enter any additional details about your observations for the potassium ion tests. Table view List view Is K+ present? Choose.. Choose... - Choose. Choose... Choose... Choose...