Answer Happy

1) Short Answer (6 points) When do we use a one-way ANOVA as opposed to an independent t-test? What are post hoc tests, and why do we need to use them after performing a one-way ANOVA? 2) Math Problem (8 points) Rind and Strohmetz (2001) found that waiters who wrote "thank you" or drew a smiley face on the check got bigger tips than those who wrote nothing. To replicate this finding, a researcher asked N = 12 waiters to either draw a smiley face, write "thank you," or write nothing on the check. Then, he measured how many dollars they were given as a tip. • Waiters who wrote "thank you" were given tips of (4, 2, 6, 4) dollars. Waiters who drew a smiley face were given tips of (9, 3, 6, 6) dollars. • Waiters who did neither of these were given tips of (4, 0, 3, 1) dollars. Was there a significant overall relationship between writing on the check and the amount that waiters were tipped? (Use a = .05. Test the overall effect only; no post hoc tests.) 3) SPSS Problem (18 points)- Use the datafile Festinger.sav. In a famous study by Festinger and Carlsmith (1959), participants performed a very boring task for an hour, and were then assigned to one of three groups. One group was paid $20 to lie on the experimenter's behalf by telling another participant that the task was actually very fun. A second group did the same, but was paid only $1 to lie. A third group was not asked to lie. After doing this, all three groups rated how enjoyable they truly found the task to be, using a scale that ranged from -5 (very unenjoyable) to +5 (very enjoyable). Did these three groups differ in terms of how much they enjoyed the task? Which group(s) enjoyed it the most? Kukucka Stats 2 4) SPSS Problem (18 points)- Use the datafile Loftus.sav. In a classic study of eyewitness memory, Loftus and Palmer (1974) had participants view a video of a car accident, and then estimate how fast the cars were going prior to the accident. They hypothesized that the manner in which the question was phrased would influence witnesses memory of the accident. To test this, they changed the verb used in the question. Participants were asked one of five questions... o How fast were the cars going when they smashed each other? o How fast were the cars going when they collided each other? o How fast were the cars going when they bumped each other? o How fast were the cars going when they contacted each other? o How fast were the cars going when they hit each other? Did different verbs lead to different estimates of how fast the cars were going? Which verb(s) produced the highest (and lowest) average speed estimates?