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or converted to a PDF. Purpose: You completed the Gram stain and viewed the bacterial cells using the oil immersion lens (1000X total magnification) in order to determine the presence or absence of certain cellular structures in a variety of bacteria. These stains can yield important clinical information about potential medication to treat infection with given strain of bacteria. Task: • Read section 3-6 (pages 187-192 of your lab manual). You performed the Gram stain on "model" bacteria in order to assess their cell morphology. • Using your lab manual, analyze and interpret your stains. ● Answer the following questions in your own words. Upload this Word or PDF document containing your bolded answers directly into Canvas ● ● Gram Stain (3-6; 6 points) Criteria for Success: Learn and appreciate the mechanics of the staining techniques used in the microbiology lab. The successful student will do some sleuthing and will spend meaningful time exploring the lab manual and their photos. ● ♦ . Your grade will reflect your ability to make observations of a specimen and understand the structures found in the microscope images. Answer all parts of all questions. Meet your deadline. Answer the following questions:
2. It is important to understand the purpose of each of the "ingredients" in the Gram stain, because each is required for a very different reason. Explain the purpose of each of the following steps: (what stain?). The job of the primary a. The primary stain in the Gram stain is stain is to b. The mordant in the Gram stain is The job of the mordant is to c. The decolorizer in the Gram stain is 95% ethanol. In Gram positive cells, the decolorizer (will or will not?) work because, (describe the properties of the Gram positive cell wall that cause this). In Gram negative cells, the decolorizer (will or will not?) work because properties of the Gram negative cell wall that cause this). (describe the d. The secondary stain in the Gram stain is secondary stain In Gram negative cells, the decolorizer In Gram positive cells, the (will or will not?) show up because (will or will not?) show up because
5. Human error is real. In the lab, you will each likely have made all of the mistakes listed below. Predict the effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells if each of the following mistakes were made during a Gram stain procedure. a. Successfully completed all steps of the Gram stain properly: Gram-positive cells will be Gram-negative cells will be, (what color?) because (what color?) because, b. Successfully completed most steps of the Gram stain but failed to add the iodine (the mordant): Gram-positive cells will be (what color?) because, Gram-negative cells will be (what color?) because, c. Successfully completed most steps of the Gram stain but failed to apply the decolorizer (alcohol): Gram-positive cells will be (what color?) because Gram-negative cells will be, (what color?) because d. Successfully completed most steps of the Gram stain but failed to apply the safranin: Gram-positive cells will be Gram-negative cells will be (what color?) because, (what color?) because,