Answer Happy

bias and impact
Bias Complete the chart below. Indicate the direction of the bias in each situation. True Observed Bias Impact RR or OR RR or OR (clearly circle one) (clearly circle one) .81 .10 Toward the null Underestimates the effect Away from the null Overestimates the effect Switchover Changes direction 7.61 3.51 Toward the null Underestimates the effect Away from the null Overestimates the effect Switchover Changes direction 1.96 .33 Toward the null Underestimates the effect Away from the null Overestimates the effect Switchover Changes direction .65 2.97 Toward the null Underestimates the effect Away from the null Overestimates the effect Switchover Changes direction .98 .54 Toward the null Underestimates the effect Away from the null Overestimates the effect Switchover Changes direction 2.57 1.15 Toward the null Underestimates the effect Away from the null Overestimates the effect Switchover Changes direction