Background: Although smoking and drug use are the major causes of accidents and death of drivers, few studies have been
Posted: Sun Jul 10, 2022 10:22 am
Background:
Although smoking and drug use are the major causes ofaccidents and death of drivers, few studies have been conducted onthe prevalence of smoking and its associated factors in thisoccupational group.
Objectives:
The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence ofsmoking and its relationship with blood parameters among drivers inZahedan city, Iran.
Patients and Methods:
In this study, 1836 inner and intercity drivers wereinvestigated in 2013 in terms of smoking and drug use and bloodparameters. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews andnecessary examinations and tests, and were analyzed by Stata.12software using Chi-square, independent t-test, and multipleregression analysis at significance level of 0.05.
Results:
Generally, four drivers were addicted to drugs and smokedas well. Two-hundred and eighty eight drivers (15.8%) reporteddaily smoking. Variables of age, education, and type of vehicleshowed a significant relationship with smoking. No significantdifference was found in blood parameters between the smokers andnon-smokers. Table 1 presents distribution ofsmoking according to demographic variables. In a univariateanalysis, Chi-square test showed a significant relationship betweenage, education, type of vehicle and smoking.
Categorical Variable
Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Drivers Smoking According to Demographic Dataª Smoking/Independent Variables Age, y Under 29 30-39 40-49 Over 50 Education Illiterate Junior high school Senior high school university Type of vehicle. Age, y Taxi Non-taxi Type of license Class A Class B Marital status Single Married Total "Values are expressed as No. (%). Table 2. Logistic Regression Coefficients in Related Factors to Smoking Among Drivers Dependent Variables Under 29 30-391 40-49 Over 50 Type of license Class A Class B Type of vehicle Taxi Non-taxi B 1.001 0.455 -0.181 0.301 -0.684 S.E 0.271 0.206 0.199 0.147 0.206 32 (8.3) 88 (13.8) 105 (23.2) 57 (21.3) 13 (27.7) 215 (17.7) 53 (10) 6 (14.3) 43 (25.9) 245 (14.7) 178 (14.8) 110 (17.4) Yes 11 (9.6) 277 (16.1) 290 (15.8) P Value 0.000 0.027 0.363 0.041 0.001 Exp (3) 1 2.721 1.577 0.834 1 1.351 1 0.505 No 353 (91.7) 550 (86.1) 348 (76.8) 210 (78.7) 34 (72.3) 996 (82.3) 476 (90) 36 (85.7) 123 (74.1) 1425 (85.3) 1026 (75.2) 522 (82.6) 104 (90.4) 1444 (83.9) 1546 (84.2) Lower 1.598 1.054 0.565 1.012 P Value 95.0% C.I. for Exp(B) 0.337 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.14 0.06 Upper 4.633 2.360 1.233 1.802 0.756
Table 3. Mean and Standard Deviation of Blood Parameters in Smoking and Non-Smoking Drivers in Zahedan Blood Parameters/Smoking RBC MCV MCH MCHC FBS CHOL TG Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No N 286 1535 287 1531 286 1536 286 1536 286 1534 287 1533 285 1534 Mean±SD 5.966.7 5.632.3 83.25 15.4 81.98 14.1 29.85 16.3 29.41 17.1 33.05 2.9 32.86 3.8 117.10 36.0 96.04 35.2 207.6546.2 198.4758.9 162.57 31.3 157.78 +29.5 P Value 0.138 0.16 0.0.6 0.42 0.044 0.043 0.4
RBC MCV MCH Blood Parameters and Years of Measurment MCHC FBS CHOL TG 2005 2006 H 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total KE H32.032 H29.07 H70.5 54.6 27.81 30.45 +30.38 29.48 33.004 32.61 H33.07 H32.45 432.89 56.7 +56.1 100- 125- 150- 175- Mean 456.8 55.5 83.29 85.54 83.71 76.63 82.72 82.19 194.4 +92.57 +92.13 +96.07 101.6 +96.22 200- 225 250- 275 300- 201.1 191.2 193.8 209.4 198 -156 201.4 +159.14 152.9 170.5 160.6 158.49
Although smoking and drug use are the major causes ofaccidents and death of drivers, few studies have been conducted onthe prevalence of smoking and its associated factors in thisoccupational group.
Objectives:
The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence ofsmoking and its relationship with blood parameters among drivers inZahedan city, Iran.
Patients and Methods:
In this study, 1836 inner and intercity drivers wereinvestigated in 2013 in terms of smoking and drug use and bloodparameters. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews andnecessary examinations and tests, and were analyzed by Stata.12software using Chi-square, independent t-test, and multipleregression analysis at significance level of 0.05.
Results:
Generally, four drivers were addicted to drugs and smokedas well. Two-hundred and eighty eight drivers (15.8%) reporteddaily smoking. Variables of age, education, and type of vehicleshowed a significant relationship with smoking. No significantdifference was found in blood parameters between the smokers andnon-smokers. Table 1 presents distribution ofsmoking according to demographic variables. In a univariateanalysis, Chi-square test showed a significant relationship betweenage, education, type of vehicle and smoking.
Categorical Variable
- Background Although Smoking And Drug Use Are The Major Causes Of Accidents And Death Of Drivers Few Studies Have Been 1 (80.62 KiB) Viewed 89 times
- Background Although Smoking And Drug Use Are The Major Causes Of Accidents And Death Of Drivers Few Studies Have Been 2 (84.4 KiB) Viewed 89 times
- Background Although Smoking And Drug Use Are The Major Causes Of Accidents And Death Of Drivers Few Studies Have Been 3 (102.62 KiB) Viewed 89 times
Table 3. Mean and Standard Deviation of Blood Parameters in Smoking and Non-Smoking Drivers in Zahedan Blood Parameters/Smoking RBC MCV MCH MCHC FBS CHOL TG Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No N 286 1535 287 1531 286 1536 286 1536 286 1534 287 1533 285 1534 Mean±SD 5.966.7 5.632.3 83.25 15.4 81.98 14.1 29.85 16.3 29.41 17.1 33.05 2.9 32.86 3.8 117.10 36.0 96.04 35.2 207.6546.2 198.4758.9 162.57 31.3 157.78 +29.5 P Value 0.138 0.16 0.0.6 0.42 0.044 0.043 0.4
RBC MCV MCH Blood Parameters and Years of Measurment MCHC FBS CHOL TG 2005 2006 H 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 total KE H32.032 H29.07 H70.5 54.6 27.81 30.45 +30.38 29.48 33.004 32.61 H33.07 H32.45 432.89 56.7 +56.1 100- 125- 150- 175- Mean 456.8 55.5 83.29 85.54 83.71 76.63 82.72 82.19 194.4 +92.57 +92.13 +96.07 101.6 +96.22 200- 225 250- 275 300- 201.1 191.2 193.8 209.4 198 -156 201.4 +159.14 152.9 170.5 160.6 158.49