In need of help with the section: Investigation B: Elastic Collisions
Posted: Sat Jul 09, 2022 12:01 pm
In need of help with thesection: Investigation B: ElasticCollisions
Trial # 1 2 3 Investigation B: Elastic Collisions Purpose: To verify that momentum and kinetic energy are conserved in an elastic collision Procedure: 1) Remove any weights from the top of your carts. 2) Measure the mass of each cart and record your results in data table #3. 3) Place both carts on the track, with each cart at least 10 cm away from the motion sensors themselves. Have the magnets of the carts face each other so that the carts will bounce off of each other after impact. 4) Start with one cart at rest. Push the other cart towards it and let them collide and bounce off of each other. Catch the carts before they hit the motion sensors at the ends of the track. 5) On the graphs, identify the data points corresponding to the motion of the carts before impact. Determine the initial velocity of each cart and record the results in data table #1 on the next page. Use the following sign convention for the velocities you record in the table: if a cart is moving to the right (as viewed from your lab station) it has positive velocity, if a cart is moving to the left it has negative velocity. On the graphs, identify the data points corresponding to the motion of the carts after impact. Determine the final velocity of each cart, and record the results in data table #1 below. Use the sign convention for velocities explained in step 4. 7) Add one of the rectangular weights to the top of cart B, but don't add any mass to cart A. Repeat steps 2-6. 8) Add a second weight to the top of cart B, but don't add any mass to cart A. Repeat steps 2-6. Data Table #3 Cart A mass (kg) Cart B mass (kg) 0.2672 0.2672 0.2672 0.2675 0.2675 0.2675 Cart A initial velocity (m/s) 0.441 0.438 0.313 Cart B initial velocity (m/s) 0.000 0.000 0.000 Cart A final velocity (m/s) 0.424 -0.032 0.065 Cart B final velocity (m/s) 0.060 0.447 0.223
9) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the initial momentum of your system in each trial. Here, the system consists of cart A + cart B. Remember; momentum is a vector quantity which depends on the direction the carts are moving in. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 10) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the final momentum of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4.
Trial # 1 2 3 11) Calculate the % change between the initial and final momentum of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 12) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the initial kinetic energy of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 13) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the final kinetic energy of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 14) Calculate the % change between the initial and final kinetic energy of your system in each trail. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #2. initial momentum (kg m/s) final momentum (kg m/s) % change in momentum initial kinetic energy (J) final kinetic energy (J) % change in kinetic energy
15) In a perfectly elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system will not change. Briefly explain why the collisions you set up in this investigation might not have been perfectly elastic. In other words, why might there have been some small amount of kinetic energy loss? 16) In a perfectly elastic collision in one dimension, if the two colliding bodies have equal mass, they will simply exchange velocities. Take a look at the velocities in data table #3. Does it look like the cart A and cart B exchanged velocities in the trial where the masses were equal?
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9) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the initial momentum of your system in each trial. Here, the system consists of cart A + cart B. Remember; momentum is a vector quantity which depends on the direction the carts are moving in. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 10) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the final momentum of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4.
Trial # 1 2 3 11) Calculate the % change between the initial and final momentum of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 12) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the initial kinetic energy of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 13) Using measurements from data table #3, calculate the final kinetic energy of your system in each trial. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #4. 14) Calculate the % change between the initial and final kinetic energy of your system in each trail. Show your calculations below and record your results in data table #2. initial momentum (kg m/s) final momentum (kg m/s) % change in momentum initial kinetic energy (J) final kinetic energy (J) % change in kinetic energy
15) In a perfectly elastic collision, the total kinetic energy of the system will not change. Briefly explain why the collisions you set up in this investigation might not have been perfectly elastic. In other words, why might there have been some small amount of kinetic energy loss? 16) In a perfectly elastic collision in one dimension, if the two colliding bodies have equal mass, they will simply exchange velocities. Take a look at the velocities in data table #3. Does it look like the cart A and cart B exchanged velocities in the trial where the masses were equal?