By referring to the 2 research papers below I need a discussion part for my research paper title which is Current Trends
Posted: Fri Jul 08, 2022 6:16 am
By referring to the 2 research papers below I need adiscussion part for my research paper title which isCurrent Trends and Challenges in the Deployment ofMultimedia Networking in Beyond 5G Network
Paper 1: A Survey on Resource Allocation for 5G HeterogeneousNetworks: Current Research, Future Trends, and Challenges
Name of authors: Yongjun Xu, Guan Gui, Fumiyuki Adachi, HarisGacanin
Key:
5G Fifth generation mobile communication system
IoT Internet of things
IP Internet protocol
QoS Quality of service
RA Resource allocation
RAA Resource allocation algorithm
SR Source-relay
Method of gaining information: Surveys, Information from otherresearch papers.
Introduction: With the exponential growth of mobile terminals,the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system is designedto enhance the capacity 1000 times compared with the fourthgeneration (4G) mobile communication system while the spectrumefficiency (SE) of the 5G system improves 5 ∼ 15 times. 5Gintegrates diverse technologies, such as vehicular networking,device to-device (D2D) communications, machine-to-machine (M2M)communications, Internet-of-Things (IoT), cloud radio accessnetworks (CRANs), mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud computing,unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), etc., to realize the Internet ofEverything.
From the aspect of network architecture, wireless networksevolved from homogeneous networks (HomNets) to heterogeneousnetworks (HetNets).
A heterogeneous network is a network connectingcomputers and other devices with different operating systems and/orprotocols. For example, local area networks (LANs) thatconnect Microsoft Windows and Linux based personal computers withApple Macintosh computers are heterogeneous.
The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) introduced theHetNet in Release 12. Specifically, HetNet allows different typesof small cells to coexist with the macrocells by sharing the samespectrum resources (SRs), which can extremely improve SE and reduceuncovered areas. Accordingly, there are three spectral sharingstrategies in HetNets, i.e.,
• Overlay Spectrum Sharing: Small-cell users (SUs) are allowedto use the SRs that are not used by macrocell users (MUs).
• Underlay Spectrum Sharing: SUs and MUs can share the same SRsat the same time. However, it is necessary to effectively controlthe interference power from SUs’ transmitters (SUTs) to each MU’sreceiver (MUR) by introducing a cross-tier interference powerconstraint.
• Hybrid Spectrum Sharing: The SRs are classified into twotypes:
1) SRs only used by SUs (i.e., support high data rates), and
2) SRs used by both MUs and SUs (i.e., support high spectrumutilization).
The SU with exclusive SRs can obtain a higher transmission rateby allocating more transmission power since there is no co-channelinterference caused by MUs’ transmitters (MUTs). Besides, thelow-rate SUs can share the SRs with MUs to support othercommunication requirements.
Conclusion: In this article, we have provided a comprehensiveoverview of radio RAAs in modern HetNets. We have introduced fourcell types, such as macrocells, microcells, picocells, femtocells,and six network scenarios of HetNets, i.e., traditional cellularHetNets, OFDMA-based HetNets, NOMA-based HetNets, relay-basedHetNets, and multi-antenna HetNets. For each network scenario, theRAAs are presented according to approaches, criteria, techniques,purposes, and architectures. For each category, the availableliterature on RAAs is reviewed and summarized while analyzing theadvantages and disadvantages of the adopted approaches. To help newstarters conducting research in this field, we shed light on therelated challenges and future research trends that need deepinvestigations. Moreover, to deal with the challenges of wirelessbig data and intelligent communications, we have proposed alearning-based RA structure and a control-based RA structure inHetNets. Since the RAAs in HetNets will play an important role inthe next-generation wireless communication for providing seamlessconnection, high system capacity, and massive connectivity, etc.,it is anticipated that this survey will provide a quick andcomprehensive understanding of the current state of the arts inRAAs for HetNets which attracting more researchers into thisarea
Paper 2: 5G Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors: Shancang Lia, Li Da Xub, Shanshan Zhaoe
Abstract: The existing 4G networks have been widely used on theInternet of Things (IoT) and is continuously evolving to match theneeds of the future Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The 5Gnetworks are expected to massive expand today’s IoT that can boostcellular operations, IoT security, and network challenges anddriving the Internet future to the edge. The existing IoT solutionsare facing several challenges such as large number of connection ofnodes, security, and new standards. This paper reviews the currentresearch state-of-the-art of 5G IoT, key enabling technologies, andmain research trends and challenges in 5G IoT.
Intro: The evolving of fifth generation (5G) networks isbecoming more readily available as a major driver of the growth ofIoT applications. According to the International Data Corporation(IDC) report, the global 5G services will drive 70% of companies tospend $1.2 billion on the connectivity management solutions. Newapplications and business models in the future IoT require newperformance criteria such a as massive connectivity, security,trustworthy, coverage of wireless communication, ultra-low latency,throughput, ultra-reliable, et al. for huge number of IoT devices.To meet these requirements, the evolving Long-Term Evolution (LTE)and 5G technologies are expected to provide new connectivityinterfaces for the future IoT applications. The development of nextgeneration of ”5G” is at its early stage, which aims at new radioaccess technology (RAT), antenna improvements, use of higherfrequencies, and re-architecting of the networks. However, mainprogresses have been made and the evolution of LTE needs to becomplemented with a radical change within the next few years in thefundamentals of wireless networks - a generational shift intechnology and architectures and business process. According to theGartner, up to 8.4 billion IoT devices will be in connected throughmachine-to-machine (M2M) by 2017 and this number will reach 20.4billion by 2020. The 5G enabled IoT (5G-IoT) will connect massivenumber of IoT devices and make contributions to meet market demandfor wireless services to stimulate new economic and socialdevelopment. The new requirements of applications in the future IoTand the evolving of 5G wireless technology are two significanttrends are driving the 5G enabled IoT.
What the paper contains: The authors reviewed most recentresearch results from two major academic databases (IEEE Xplore andScienceDirect) to understand the status and future research on both5G and IoT. We noticed that in the past four years from 2014 to 1stJan 2018, 389 IoT and 5G related papers have been published by IEEEXplore and 588 papers have been published by ScienceDirect. Figure1 indicates the number of articles stored in IEEE Xplore andScienceDirect from 2014 to 2018. The rest of this paper isorganized as follows: Section 2 presents the background and currentresearch of 5G and IoT. Section 3 provides an in-depth review ofkey enabling technologies that make 5G-IoT possible. Section 4discusses research challenges and future trends. Section 5concludes the paper.
Conclusion: The 5G-IoT integrates the emerging 5G techniquesinto future IoT. This paper reviews the recent research on both 5Gand IoT. We firstly introduce the background and current researchon 5G and IoT. Then, we analyse the new requirements in 5G enabledIoT. Afterwards, we detailed the key techniques in 5G-IoT andanalysed
Paper 1: A Survey on Resource Allocation for 5G HeterogeneousNetworks: Current Research, Future Trends, and Challenges
Name of authors: Yongjun Xu, Guan Gui, Fumiyuki Adachi, HarisGacanin
Key:
5G Fifth generation mobile communication system
IoT Internet of things
IP Internet protocol
QoS Quality of service
RA Resource allocation
RAA Resource allocation algorithm
SR Source-relay
Method of gaining information: Surveys, Information from otherresearch papers.
Introduction: With the exponential growth of mobile terminals,the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system is designedto enhance the capacity 1000 times compared with the fourthgeneration (4G) mobile communication system while the spectrumefficiency (SE) of the 5G system improves 5 ∼ 15 times. 5Gintegrates diverse technologies, such as vehicular networking,device to-device (D2D) communications, machine-to-machine (M2M)communications, Internet-of-Things (IoT), cloud radio accessnetworks (CRANs), mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud computing,unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), etc., to realize the Internet ofEverything.
From the aspect of network architecture, wireless networksevolved from homogeneous networks (HomNets) to heterogeneousnetworks (HetNets).
A heterogeneous network is a network connectingcomputers and other devices with different operating systems and/orprotocols. For example, local area networks (LANs) thatconnect Microsoft Windows and Linux based personal computers withApple Macintosh computers are heterogeneous.
The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) introduced theHetNet in Release 12. Specifically, HetNet allows different typesof small cells to coexist with the macrocells by sharing the samespectrum resources (SRs), which can extremely improve SE and reduceuncovered areas. Accordingly, there are three spectral sharingstrategies in HetNets, i.e.,
• Overlay Spectrum Sharing: Small-cell users (SUs) are allowedto use the SRs that are not used by macrocell users (MUs).
• Underlay Spectrum Sharing: SUs and MUs can share the same SRsat the same time. However, it is necessary to effectively controlthe interference power from SUs’ transmitters (SUTs) to each MU’sreceiver (MUR) by introducing a cross-tier interference powerconstraint.
• Hybrid Spectrum Sharing: The SRs are classified into twotypes:
1) SRs only used by SUs (i.e., support high data rates), and
2) SRs used by both MUs and SUs (i.e., support high spectrumutilization).
The SU with exclusive SRs can obtain a higher transmission rateby allocating more transmission power since there is no co-channelinterference caused by MUs’ transmitters (MUTs). Besides, thelow-rate SUs can share the SRs with MUs to support othercommunication requirements.
Conclusion: In this article, we have provided a comprehensiveoverview of radio RAAs in modern HetNets. We have introduced fourcell types, such as macrocells, microcells, picocells, femtocells,and six network scenarios of HetNets, i.e., traditional cellularHetNets, OFDMA-based HetNets, NOMA-based HetNets, relay-basedHetNets, and multi-antenna HetNets. For each network scenario, theRAAs are presented according to approaches, criteria, techniques,purposes, and architectures. For each category, the availableliterature on RAAs is reviewed and summarized while analyzing theadvantages and disadvantages of the adopted approaches. To help newstarters conducting research in this field, we shed light on therelated challenges and future research trends that need deepinvestigations. Moreover, to deal with the challenges of wirelessbig data and intelligent communications, we have proposed alearning-based RA structure and a control-based RA structure inHetNets. Since the RAAs in HetNets will play an important role inthe next-generation wireless communication for providing seamlessconnection, high system capacity, and massive connectivity, etc.,it is anticipated that this survey will provide a quick andcomprehensive understanding of the current state of the arts inRAAs for HetNets which attracting more researchers into thisarea
Paper 2: 5G Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors: Shancang Lia, Li Da Xub, Shanshan Zhaoe
Abstract: The existing 4G networks have been widely used on theInternet of Things (IoT) and is continuously evolving to match theneeds of the future Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The 5Gnetworks are expected to massive expand today’s IoT that can boostcellular operations, IoT security, and network challenges anddriving the Internet future to the edge. The existing IoT solutionsare facing several challenges such as large number of connection ofnodes, security, and new standards. This paper reviews the currentresearch state-of-the-art of 5G IoT, key enabling technologies, andmain research trends and challenges in 5G IoT.
Intro: The evolving of fifth generation (5G) networks isbecoming more readily available as a major driver of the growth ofIoT applications. According to the International Data Corporation(IDC) report, the global 5G services will drive 70% of companies tospend $1.2 billion on the connectivity management solutions. Newapplications and business models in the future IoT require newperformance criteria such a as massive connectivity, security,trustworthy, coverage of wireless communication, ultra-low latency,throughput, ultra-reliable, et al. for huge number of IoT devices.To meet these requirements, the evolving Long-Term Evolution (LTE)and 5G technologies are expected to provide new connectivityinterfaces for the future IoT applications. The development of nextgeneration of ”5G” is at its early stage, which aims at new radioaccess technology (RAT), antenna improvements, use of higherfrequencies, and re-architecting of the networks. However, mainprogresses have been made and the evolution of LTE needs to becomplemented with a radical change within the next few years in thefundamentals of wireless networks - a generational shift intechnology and architectures and business process. According to theGartner, up to 8.4 billion IoT devices will be in connected throughmachine-to-machine (M2M) by 2017 and this number will reach 20.4billion by 2020. The 5G enabled IoT (5G-IoT) will connect massivenumber of IoT devices and make contributions to meet market demandfor wireless services to stimulate new economic and socialdevelopment. The new requirements of applications in the future IoTand the evolving of 5G wireless technology are two significanttrends are driving the 5G enabled IoT.
What the paper contains: The authors reviewed most recentresearch results from two major academic databases (IEEE Xplore andScienceDirect) to understand the status and future research on both5G and IoT. We noticed that in the past four years from 2014 to 1stJan 2018, 389 IoT and 5G related papers have been published by IEEEXplore and 588 papers have been published by ScienceDirect. Figure1 indicates the number of articles stored in IEEE Xplore andScienceDirect from 2014 to 2018. The rest of this paper isorganized as follows: Section 2 presents the background and currentresearch of 5G and IoT. Section 3 provides an in-depth review ofkey enabling technologies that make 5G-IoT possible. Section 4discusses research challenges and future trends. Section 5concludes the paper.
Conclusion: The 5G-IoT integrates the emerging 5G techniquesinto future IoT. This paper reviews the recent research on both 5Gand IoT. We firstly introduce the background and current researchon 5G and IoT. Then, we analyse the new requirements in 5G enabledIoT. Afterwards, we detailed the key techniques in 5G-IoT andanalysed