Answer Happy

1. For 2022 in Toronto, state the date and time of Summer Solstice. [1 mark] 2. For the date determined in Question 1: a. Estimate the time for sunrise and sunset from EMOS data. State answers in terms of local time for EMOS. [2 marks] b. Estimate the corresponding length of day. [1 mark] c. Make a sketch graph that illustrates how this same EMOS data used in questions 2(a) and 2(b) might look 3 months prior and three months after Summer Solstice. [3 marks] d. Briefly explain the scientific basis for the variations sketched in Question 2(c). [1 mark] e. Using EMOS data, state the time at which the Sun achieves its zenith. State the answer in terms of local time for EMOS. [1 mark] f. Why is the Question 2(e) time different from solar noon? [1 mark] g. h. Estimate the temperature from EMOS data for the Question 2(e) time. [1 mark] Briefly, why does the maximum value for temperature occur considerably later in the day? [2 marks] 3. Based upon EMOS irradiance data for the date determined in Question 1: a. Estimate the time when the maximum value of temperature is expected to occur. [1 mark] b. Suppose each 'negative' spike in the downwelling shortwave irradiance data corresponds to the passage of an isolated cloud. How might use of this EMOS data be made to estimate the horizontal extent of the cloud? Answer with a sketch. State any assumptions that are required. [3 marks] c. State the nighttime average value for the upwelling longwave irradiance in W/m². [1 mark]
4. For a date at least two months prior to Summer Solstice: a. State the nighttime average value for the upwelling longwave irradiance in W/m². [1 mark] b. State the difference in irradiance for Question 3(c) relative to Question 4(a). Include units in the answer. [1 mark] 5. On which past date will the upwelling longwave irradiance reach its minimum value? Why? [2 marks] 6. Consider four additional dates between the Question 1 and Question 5 dates. a. Obtain nighttime average values for the upwelling longwave irradiance in W/m² for each of these four dates [2 marks] b. c. d. Make a sketch plot of the six estimates of nighttime average values for the upwelling longwave irradiance in W/m² as a function of time. [3 marks] Describe the trend evident from the Question 6(b) plot. [1 mark] Does this trend help explain why the hottest day of the year doesn't necessarily coincide with Summer Solstice? Explain. [2 marks] 7. Submit all EMOS graphs made use of in answering these questions. Graphs must include annotations. [-5 marks for not submitting graphs used.]