Read the Discussion of a paper on how hostpitalized children deal with pain by Pölkki et al. (2003) and answer the quest
Posted: Thu Jul 07, 2022 11:28 am
Read the Discussion of a paper on how hostpitalized childrendeal with pain by Pölkki et al. (2003) and answer the questions foreach section.Pölkki, T., Pietilä, A. M., & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K. (2003).Hospitalized children's descriptions of their experiences withpostsurgical pain relieving methods. International Journal ofNursing Studies , 40 (1), 33-44.
1.1 Relevance of the results to nursing practice
①This interview study indicated that hospitalized children. aged8-12 yrs. old. are capable of describing the methods for relievingpain. ②The results are consistent with earlier studies conductedamong pediatric patients (Savedra et al., 1982; Pölkki et al.,1999; Pederson et al., 2000). ③ In order to achieve the children'sown perspective, however, the children should be asked about themethods that could potentially alleviate their pain, as well astheir suggestions regarding the implementation of pain reliefmeasures. ④ Due to their tendency to be independent, school· agedchildren may conceal their pain and be reluctant to request helpfrom others (cf. Lutz, 1986; Woodgate and Kristjanson, 1995). ⑤This phenomenon in the children requires specific attention,despite the fact that a certain level of cognitive maturity isachieved during the school-aged period, and a much broader array ofnon-pharmacological methods are appropriate to use at this age(Vessey and Carlson, 1996). ⑥All of the children reported that thenurses had used at least two pain-relieving methods and thatparents used at least one method. ⑦Almost all of the childrenrelated that administering pain medication and helping with dailyactivities were the methods most frequently used by nurses torelieve their pain. ⑧Conversely, the methods of distraction,presence, positive reinforcement and helping with daily activitieswere the most popular methods used by the parents according to thechildren's descriptions. ⑨While 38 children reported that thepresence of their mother/father helped them to feel less pain, onlyfour children reported that this strategy was implemented bynurses. ⑩This may be explained by the nurses'lack of time to sitbeside the child, but also by different roles between the nursesand the parents in a child'scare. ⑪ On the whole the parents seemedto provide more emotional support to their hospitalized childrenthan the nurses. [The last two sentences have been omitted.] ⑫Manychildren had suggestions to the nurses, but only a few to theparents con· cerning the implementation of surgical pain reliefmeasures. ⑬This may indicate that the children expect the nurses toknow how to care for them and relieve their pain (cf. Alex andRitchie, 1992), whereas the children do not have specificexpectations of their parents other than simply to "stay with memore." ID ⑭In order to improve nursing care for children withpostoperative pain the recommendations provided by children tonurses, such as creating a more comfortable environment (especiallyminimizing noise problems), giving more or stronger pain medicationwithout delay, as well as visiting regularly or staying with thechild more, should be taken seriously into account in nursingpractice.
1. What is the purpose of the opening sentence? Does this kindof opening seem effective or would you suggest somethingelse?2. Why is Sentence 2 important? Can you think of other ways to showhow new work favorably compares with old? What could the authorshave written if they had found something quite different fromprevious studies?3. What seems to be the purpose of Sentences 3-5?4. What verb tenses are used? Can you explain why each wasused?5. How many of the sentences in 1.1 refer to previous literature?Does this seem like too many, too few, or just the right amount?Why?6. How strong are the claims? Does this seem appropriate?Why?7. Where do the authors try to clarify what the results mean?8. How should we understand cf, in Sentence 13?9. How important is Sentence 14? Why?
1.1 Relevance of the results to nursing practice
①This interview study indicated that hospitalized children. aged8-12 yrs. old. are capable of describing the methods for relievingpain. ②The results are consistent with earlier studies conductedamong pediatric patients (Savedra et al., 1982; Pölkki et al.,1999; Pederson et al., 2000). ③ In order to achieve the children'sown perspective, however, the children should be asked about themethods that could potentially alleviate their pain, as well astheir suggestions regarding the implementation of pain reliefmeasures. ④ Due to their tendency to be independent, school· agedchildren may conceal their pain and be reluctant to request helpfrom others (cf. Lutz, 1986; Woodgate and Kristjanson, 1995). ⑤This phenomenon in the children requires specific attention,despite the fact that a certain level of cognitive maturity isachieved during the school-aged period, and a much broader array ofnon-pharmacological methods are appropriate to use at this age(Vessey and Carlson, 1996). ⑥All of the children reported that thenurses had used at least two pain-relieving methods and thatparents used at least one method. ⑦Almost all of the childrenrelated that administering pain medication and helping with dailyactivities were the methods most frequently used by nurses torelieve their pain. ⑧Conversely, the methods of distraction,presence, positive reinforcement and helping with daily activitieswere the most popular methods used by the parents according to thechildren's descriptions. ⑨While 38 children reported that thepresence of their mother/father helped them to feel less pain, onlyfour children reported that this strategy was implemented bynurses. ⑩This may be explained by the nurses'lack of time to sitbeside the child, but also by different roles between the nursesand the parents in a child'scare. ⑪ On the whole the parents seemedto provide more emotional support to their hospitalized childrenthan the nurses. [The last two sentences have been omitted.] ⑫Manychildren had suggestions to the nurses, but only a few to theparents con· cerning the implementation of surgical pain reliefmeasures. ⑬This may indicate that the children expect the nurses toknow how to care for them and relieve their pain (cf. Alex andRitchie, 1992), whereas the children do not have specificexpectations of their parents other than simply to "stay with memore." ID ⑭In order to improve nursing care for children withpostoperative pain the recommendations provided by children tonurses, such as creating a more comfortable environment (especiallyminimizing noise problems), giving more or stronger pain medicationwithout delay, as well as visiting regularly or staying with thechild more, should be taken seriously into account in nursingpractice.
1. What is the purpose of the opening sentence? Does this kindof opening seem effective or would you suggest somethingelse?2. Why is Sentence 2 important? Can you think of other ways to showhow new work favorably compares with old? What could the authorshave written if they had found something quite different fromprevious studies?3. What seems to be the purpose of Sentences 3-5?4. What verb tenses are used? Can you explain why each wasused?5. How many of the sentences in 1.1 refer to previous literature?Does this seem like too many, too few, or just the right amount?Why?6. How strong are the claims? Does this seem appropriate?Why?7. Where do the authors try to clarify what the results mean?8. How should we understand cf, in Sentence 13?9. How important is Sentence 14? Why?