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Part II (total 50 points) Click http://phet Hit the play button and Click to Scale. colorado.edu/en/simulation/gravity-and-orbits Keep all the default settings, but select the Earth and Satellite option, which is the fourth combination at the top right. Tum on all of the options in the "Show"menu, then run and play with the simulation for a while. Which is experiencing a greater gravitational force: The satellite or the earth? 3 pts (Hint: pay attention to length of arrows in blue, which represent the gravitational force.) [Answer Here] 1) Pause the Simulation. Alter the mass of the Satellite. Does the mass of the satellite have any impact on its Orbit? Explain (Was the path of the orbit of the satellite changed?) 3 pts [Answer Here] 2) Pause the Simulation. Click and drag the "v" at the end of the green arrow in order to decrease the satellite's velocity. a. What happens when you hit play? Why? 3 pts [Answer Here] b. Why doesn't this happen to satellites normally? 3 pts [Answer Here] 3) Pause the Simulation. Click and drag to increase the satellite's velocity. What happens when you hit play? Why? 3 pts [Answer Here] 4) Pause the Simulation. Click Reverse button. Click and drag the satellite itself to move it further away from earth. What happens when you hit play? Why? 3 pts [Answer Here] 5) Try to create another stable orbit that is further or closer to earth. What other very important variable would you need to alter with this new orbit? 3 pts [Answer Here] 6) Just for fun. Click and drag earth to create a very small velocity for earth (Note: There is a gray color V at the center of earth and drag it to give a small velocity to the earth). Can the satellite still orbit a moving planet? 3 pts [Answer Here]
E 7) Pause the Simulation. Hit "Reset." On the top left tabs, change your view so that you are to scale. In the Show menu, you can now also turn on the "Tape Measure". Run the simulation, with the path shown. Distance should be measured from center of earth to the Satellite. How far out is the satellite? 3 pts [Answer Here] How long does it take for the satellite to orbit earth (Time to complete one cycle)? 3 pts [Answer Here] 8) Switch modes, so that you are now looking at just the earth and the moon. How far is the moon? 3 pts [Answer Here] How long does it take for the moon to orbit the earth? 3 pts [Answer Here] 9) Again Switch modes, so that you are now looking at just the earth and the sun (The first row at the top right). Add a screen shot. How far is the earth from the sun? 3 pts [Answer Here] How long does it take for the earth to orbit the sun? 3 pts [Answer Here] 10) According to Kepler's third law, the time it takes for one complete orbit is proportional to the mean distance between the centers of two bodies. 72-73. When a constant is included, the equation is T- Use the adjustable mass controls on the simulation of just the earth and sun to 4x GM determine what mass the "m" in Kepler's equation must refer to. Is it the mass of the orbiting object or the mass of the central object? (3 pts) 11) Kepler actually proposed three laws. Editing Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion First Law: Each planet travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun, and the sun is at one of the focal points Second Law: An imaginary line drawn from the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals. Third Law: The square of a planet's orbital period (T) is proportional to the cube of the average distance (r) between the planet and the sun, or I'acr Page 4 of 5 Voice Sensitivit
At Sun A₂ At An Illustration of Keplers 1st and 2nd Laws is Shown here: A1-A2. In this case you can see that when a planet is closer to the sun then it must cover more distance in the same time. It must move faster. Reset all. Select the Earth and Sun. Choose to show only the path and velocities. Manipulate the Simulation until you achieve an elliptical orbit. The speed of the earth increases slightly as it orbits closer to the sun but decreases slightly when it is further from the sun. (hint: move the sun itself.) Add a screen shot. Then paste it below into this document. 5 pts