in 250 words, discuss the positive and negative images of nurses in social media and television. provide examples using
Posted: Wed Jul 06, 2022 10:23 am
in 250 words, discuss the positive and negative images of nurses in social media and television. provide examples using the images provided
interest in other careers by young women. Women sought opportunities that offered higher salaries, bet- ter working conditions, and schedules more accommo dating of family life. An interesting recent phenomenon has occurred. however. Across the United States, nursing programs are seeing an increasing number of applicants who have degrees in other areas or who have had careers in other disciplines such as teachers, attorneys, engineers, infor- mation technology (IT) specialists, and entrepreneurs. The current appeal of nursing seems to be related to the fact that a career in nursing can provide economic and job security. A more significant reason for this trend is that, in spite of the wide array of career choices, nurs- ing's appeal is strong to individuals who want to make a difference in the lives of others. The women's movement benefited nursing in numer- ous ways. First, economic inequities and poor working conditions were exposed. The movement provoked a conscious awareness that equality and autonomy for women were inherent rights, not privileges, and stim- ulated the passage of legislation to ensure those rights. Unfortunately, however, results of a study of published in 2015 showed that male RNs earn more than female RNs across settings, specialty areas, and positions over time, with no evidence that the gap in pay has narrowed over time; men earned an estimated $5148 more per year than their female colleagues (Muench et al., 2015). Nursing also benefited from the women's movement in more subtle ways. As nursing students were increas- ingly educated in colleges and universities, they were exposed to campus activism, protests, and organizations that were trying to change the status of women. Learn- ing informal lessons about influence and power and how to foster change had a positive effect on students, who later used this knowledge to improve the status of nursing. With the firm commitment of all of its practi- tioners, the profession of nursing can give voice to all its members and ultimately contribute to the advancement of society at large. Image of Nursing A quick search of images available on a popular search engine using the word "nurse" recently resulted in 15 mil- lion results. Of the first 25 images returned in the search, all 25 were stock photos (professional copyrighted photo- graphs for purchase) of young women and men wearing scrubs with their stethoscopes around their necks. This search-in stark contrast to those reported on in previous editions of this text-is remarkably representative of nursing now, with the exception of the youthfulness of those posing as nurses in the photos. The photos show ethnic diversity and a slight overrepresentation of men in nursing Nurses older than around 30 years are not rep resented, despite the "graying" problem of the profession as many highly experienced nurses are nearing retire- ment. Importantly, the highly sexualized images that have plagued the representation of nursing were notably absent among the first 300 images. In the previous edition of this text, published in 2015, the same search returned t two cartoon images of White females wearing nurse's caps and white dresses among the first 25 images, and further down the page was a photo of a tired, distressed woman with her hand to her forehead, eyes closed, with the words "nursing crisis" and "JOB" in large capital letters superimposed on her image. One image was of a young Asian woman in a highly sexualized image, wearing a very short, white, fake nursing uniform, complete with a plunging neckline and a large red cross on her chest: the same red cross was on her nursing cap. One was a photo of a nurse in a 1950s-era uniform and cap with a large syringe, smiling into the camera; her words in a text balloon are, "I have no idea what I'm injecting into your child." The author noted: "Finally, gratefully, there is an image of a nurse who appears to be talking to an elderly man in his hospital bed. If this was a representative sample of nursing, it is no wonder that we have a shortage. If this is a representative sample of the public's image of nurs- ing, we have an image problem." The difference between results of the 2015 search and the 2018 search are greatly encouraging in the lack of attention to sexist stereotypes and cartoonish images of nurses and, importantly, the increased attention to diversity and the seriousness of the profession. This is progress. Images are powerful. They surround us, and we become saturated by images. The images of nurses seen in advertisements and on television shows may be the first and lasting impression that people have of nursing. These impressions based on media images affect public attitudes toward the profession. Although the public's view of nursing has changed over time, most people still do not appreciate the complexity and range of today's professional nursing role. Nurses are not so identifiable in health care settings as they once were. Once worn by nurses everywhere, caps were for decades a symbol of the profession. In the United States, each school had a unique cap that was instantly recognizable. Nursing schools held capping J nmar
ceremonies during which they presented caps to students as a symbol of their progress toward graduation. The cap saw its demise by the late 1970s; many, if not most, nurses were glad to forgo wearing a cap, believing it was part of the stereotypical image of nursing. With many differ- ent providers involved in the care of patients, there is no distinct way of determining who is an RN. Identification (ID) badges carry titles but may be difficult to read. Inter- estingly, in the interest of safety, some personnel on cer- tain units, such as urban emergency departments, are no longer putting their last names on their badges or have them in a font so small as to be unreadable in usual emer- gency department lighting. Some medical centers and hospitals have recently made some movement toward reestablishing identifiable dress norms across health care disciplines. This is often accomplished by having staff of various professions wear attire or scrubs that are distinct in color or style. Others identify registered nurses by "RN" printed in large red letters on ID badges. The manner in which health professionals address one another is a matter of image. Nurses in most agen- cies refer to themselves by first name, for example: "Good morning, my name is David, and I'm going to be your nurse for this shift." Physicians usually introduce themselves by title and last name, for example: "I am Dr. Roberts." Nurses rarely refer to each other by last name such as "Ms. Kyle" or "Mr. Pierce," and it is even rarer to hear them refer to each other as "Nurse Kyle" or "Nurse Pierce. Moreover, physicians often refer to nurses by their first names, whereas nurses typically refer to physi- cians by their title and last name. Nurses have reported being uncomfortable introducing themselves by last name, thinking that it establishes a formality that could interfere with the nurse-patient relationship. Gordon (2005), in an informal survey of approximately 30 lay- people, found that the respondents did not think it would be odd for nurses to refer to themselves more formally. One of the most damaging-and lingering-images of nursing was the portrayal by Louise Fletcher of a cold, sadistic, and controlling psychiatric nurse in the 1975 movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Fletcher won an Academy Award for her role as Nurse Ratched, a name that has become synonymous for a cold, uncaring nurse. In spite of the challenges facing the nursing profes- sion, nurses are well respected by the public and enjoy a generally positive image. In a report released by Gallup in late 2017, for the 16th consecutive year, nurses were rated the highest among a number of professions and report can occupations on honesty and ethics. Nurses also take highest in 1999 and 2000; in 2001, nursing ranked y ond to firefighters in the wake of the September attacks, at a time when a great deal of positive me coverage focused on firefighters. The full https://news.gallup.com/poll/224639/ keep-healthy-lead-honest-ethical-profession.aspx Foundations and corporations, as well as nun groups, have undertaken initiatives to analyze and improve nursing's image. Three major initiatives are d found at cussed here. The Woodhull Study on Nursing and the Media The Woodhull Study on Nursing and the Media wag comprehensive study of nursing in the print media con ducted in September 1997 by 17 students and 3 fach O coordinators from the University of Rochester (Ne York) School of Nursing (URSN). In this study, spos sored by Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) URSN, students examined approximately 20,000 artide from 16 newspapers, magazines, and trade publication The study was named in memory of Nancy Woodh a founding editor of USA Today. Woodhull became a advocate of nursing after her diagnosis of lung cas cer, when she was impressed with the comprehensi nursing care she received. She suggested the study and assisted in the design of the survey after she becam concerned about the absence of media attention nurses and nursing. In December 1997 the students presented the findings and recommendations to a mixed audienced nurses and national media representatives at the STI Biennial Convention. The key finding was that "Nune and the nursing profession are essentially invisibles the media and, consequently, to the American publ (STTI, 1998, p. 8). The purpose of the Woodhull Stud its major findings, and strategies to guide the nursing profession's collective response are found in Box 2.1. The Johnson & Johnson Campaign Johnson & Johnson, the giant health care corporation began a multimillion-dollar campaign, the Campaign Nursing's Future, in 2002, "to enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and education and to retain nurses currently in the system" (Dond et al., 2005). This campaign included initiatives in pra media, television advertising, student scholarships, fund raising, and research.
sec. 11 edia n be ses sing Alor dis as a con ulty New on and cles ons hull 20 sive and me to eir of sen 2 to dy ing n BOX 2.1 The Woodhull Study at a Glance Purpose, Findings, and Recommendations Purpose of the Study The Woodhull Study was designed to survey and analyze the portrayal of health care and nursing in U.S. newspa- pers, news magazines, and health care industry trade publications.. Key Study Findings 1. Nurses and the nursing profession are essentially invis ible in media coverage of health care and, consequent- ly, to the American public. 2. Nurses were cited only 4% of the time in the more than 2000 health-related articles gathered from 16 ma- jor news publications. 3. The few references to nurses or nursing that did occur were simply mentioned in passing 4. In many of the stories, nurses and nursing would have been sources more germane to the story subject mat- ter than the references selected. The company's efforts are also focused on increasing the number of individuals choosing nursing careers through recruitment and retention of nursing students. The website www.discovernursing.com is popular among nursing stu- dents and prospective students. The site has an easy menu of "who" "what" "why," and "how" with drop-down menus that give thorough information about nursing. This website has three portals: one for persons thinking about nursing as a career, one for nursing students, and one for nurses. Each portal contains information about nursing specific to the needs of the user. This landmark effort by a major Ameri- can corporation provides a stimulus to the nursing profes- sion to partner with other entities to continue the quest for an accurate image of professional nursing, thereby address- ing the nursing shortage. 5. Health care industry publications were no more likely to take advantage of nursing expertise, focusing more at tention on bottom-line issues such as business or policy Modified from Sigma Theta Tau International: The Woodhull Study on nursing and the media: health care's invisible partner, India- napolis, 1998, Sigma Theta Tau International-Center Nursing Press. The Truth about Nursing The Truth about Nursing is a nonprofit organization with the mission to "increase public understanding of the central, front-line role nurses play in modern health care (Truth about Nursing, 2018). Currently there are local chapters of The Truth about Nursing Key Study Recommendations 1. Both media and nursing should take more proactive roles in establishing an ongoing dialogue 2. The often-repeated advice in media articles and adver- tisements to "consult your doctor ignores the role of nurses in health care and needs to be changed to "con- sult your primary health care provider. 3. Journalists should distinguish researchers with doctor- al degrees from medical doctors to add clarity to health care coverage. 4. To provide comprehensive coverage of health care, the media should include information by and about nurses. 5. It is essential to distinguish health care from medicine. as subject matter in the media in many states and numerous nations around the world. Founded in 2001 by Sandy Summers, RN, and a group of seven graduate students at Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing. The Truth about Nurs- ing uses a variety of social media, including Face- book, Twitter, and LinkedIn, among others, to shape the public's image of nursing. Some of their efforts have included convincing a number of major corpo- rations to change their advertising when they have portrayed nurses in a sexualized or otherwise trivi- alized manner. Ultimately all nurses hold the professional responsi- bility to reinforce positive images of nursing and, equally important, to speak out against negative ones. The nurs- ing profession has the major responsibility for improv- ing its own image. The major avenue for changing the image of nursing occurs one nurse-patient encounter at a time, where nurses demonstrate what nurses do and how to look and behave professionally. In addition, organizations such as the ANA can enhance nursing's image by offering services as consultants to media and setting professional standards.
48 esc . One way in which nursing can take responsibility for its public image is for nurses to become sensitive to por- trayals of nurses and nursing in the media. Box 2.2 con- tains a checklist for monitoring media images of nurses and nursing on TV and in movies; however, you should keep this checklist in mind as you visit websites, read blogs, books, and other media, and notice commercials and advertisements. Then take action: • Contact those responsible for negative nursing images on television and in movies. Contact the companies that sponsor television pro- grams with negative images of nurses. ing in a negative manner. . Contact the editors of publications that present Boycott programs, films, and products that p Importantly, contact those responsible for e portrayals of nurses and the profession of letting them know that you have noticed and negative images of nurses and nursing. ciate their efforts. National Population Trends Centr Over the course of American nursing history, have responded as individuals and as a p profesi CHAPTER 2 The History and Social Context . . in the Media ex
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ceremonies during which they presented caps to students as a symbol of their progress toward graduation. The cap saw its demise by the late 1970s; many, if not most, nurses were glad to forgo wearing a cap, believing it was part of the stereotypical image of nursing. With many differ- ent providers involved in the care of patients, there is no distinct way of determining who is an RN. Identification (ID) badges carry titles but may be difficult to read. Inter- estingly, in the interest of safety, some personnel on cer- tain units, such as urban emergency departments, are no longer putting their last names on their badges or have them in a font so small as to be unreadable in usual emer- gency department lighting. Some medical centers and hospitals have recently made some movement toward reestablishing identifiable dress norms across health care disciplines. This is often accomplished by having staff of various professions wear attire or scrubs that are distinct in color or style. Others identify registered nurses by "RN" printed in large red letters on ID badges. The manner in which health professionals address one another is a matter of image. Nurses in most agen- cies refer to themselves by first name, for example: "Good morning, my name is David, and I'm going to be your nurse for this shift." Physicians usually introduce themselves by title and last name, for example: "I am Dr. Roberts." Nurses rarely refer to each other by last name such as "Ms. Kyle" or "Mr. Pierce," and it is even rarer to hear them refer to each other as "Nurse Kyle" or "Nurse Pierce. Moreover, physicians often refer to nurses by their first names, whereas nurses typically refer to physi- cians by their title and last name. Nurses have reported being uncomfortable introducing themselves by last name, thinking that it establishes a formality that could interfere with the nurse-patient relationship. Gordon (2005), in an informal survey of approximately 30 lay- people, found that the respondents did not think it would be odd for nurses to refer to themselves more formally. One of the most damaging-and lingering-images of nursing was the portrayal by Louise Fletcher of a cold, sadistic, and controlling psychiatric nurse in the 1975 movie One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. Fletcher won an Academy Award for her role as Nurse Ratched, a name that has become synonymous for a cold, uncaring nurse. In spite of the challenges facing the nursing profes- sion, nurses are well respected by the public and enjoy a generally positive image. In a report released by Gallup in late 2017, for the 16th consecutive year, nurses were rated the highest among a number of professions and report can occupations on honesty and ethics. Nurses also take highest in 1999 and 2000; in 2001, nursing ranked y ond to firefighters in the wake of the September attacks, at a time when a great deal of positive me coverage focused on firefighters. The full https://news.gallup.com/poll/224639/ keep-healthy-lead-honest-ethical-profession.aspx Foundations and corporations, as well as nun groups, have undertaken initiatives to analyze and improve nursing's image. Three major initiatives are d found at cussed here. The Woodhull Study on Nursing and the Media The Woodhull Study on Nursing and the Media wag comprehensive study of nursing in the print media con ducted in September 1997 by 17 students and 3 fach O coordinators from the University of Rochester (Ne York) School of Nursing (URSN). In this study, spos sored by Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) URSN, students examined approximately 20,000 artide from 16 newspapers, magazines, and trade publication The study was named in memory of Nancy Woodh a founding editor of USA Today. Woodhull became a advocate of nursing after her diagnosis of lung cas cer, when she was impressed with the comprehensi nursing care she received. She suggested the study and assisted in the design of the survey after she becam concerned about the absence of media attention nurses and nursing. In December 1997 the students presented the findings and recommendations to a mixed audienced nurses and national media representatives at the STI Biennial Convention. The key finding was that "Nune and the nursing profession are essentially invisibles the media and, consequently, to the American publ (STTI, 1998, p. 8). The purpose of the Woodhull Stud its major findings, and strategies to guide the nursing profession's collective response are found in Box 2.1. The Johnson & Johnson Campaign Johnson & Johnson, the giant health care corporation began a multimillion-dollar campaign, the Campaign Nursing's Future, in 2002, "to enhance the image of the nursing profession, recruit new nurses and education and to retain nurses currently in the system" (Dond et al., 2005). This campaign included initiatives in pra media, television advertising, student scholarships, fund raising, and research.
sec. 11 edia n be ses sing Alor dis as a con ulty New on and cles ons hull 20 sive and me to eir of sen 2 to dy ing n BOX 2.1 The Woodhull Study at a Glance Purpose, Findings, and Recommendations Purpose of the Study The Woodhull Study was designed to survey and analyze the portrayal of health care and nursing in U.S. newspa- pers, news magazines, and health care industry trade publications.. Key Study Findings 1. Nurses and the nursing profession are essentially invis ible in media coverage of health care and, consequent- ly, to the American public. 2. Nurses were cited only 4% of the time in the more than 2000 health-related articles gathered from 16 ma- jor news publications. 3. The few references to nurses or nursing that did occur were simply mentioned in passing 4. In many of the stories, nurses and nursing would have been sources more germane to the story subject mat- ter than the references selected. The company's efforts are also focused on increasing the number of individuals choosing nursing careers through recruitment and retention of nursing students. The website www.discovernursing.com is popular among nursing stu- dents and prospective students. The site has an easy menu of "who" "what" "why," and "how" with drop-down menus that give thorough information about nursing. This website has three portals: one for persons thinking about nursing as a career, one for nursing students, and one for nurses. Each portal contains information about nursing specific to the needs of the user. This landmark effort by a major Ameri- can corporation provides a stimulus to the nursing profes- sion to partner with other entities to continue the quest for an accurate image of professional nursing, thereby address- ing the nursing shortage. 5. Health care industry publications were no more likely to take advantage of nursing expertise, focusing more at tention on bottom-line issues such as business or policy Modified from Sigma Theta Tau International: The Woodhull Study on nursing and the media: health care's invisible partner, India- napolis, 1998, Sigma Theta Tau International-Center Nursing Press. The Truth about Nursing The Truth about Nursing is a nonprofit organization with the mission to "increase public understanding of the central, front-line role nurses play in modern health care (Truth about Nursing, 2018). Currently there are local chapters of The Truth about Nursing Key Study Recommendations 1. Both media and nursing should take more proactive roles in establishing an ongoing dialogue 2. The often-repeated advice in media articles and adver- tisements to "consult your doctor ignores the role of nurses in health care and needs to be changed to "con- sult your primary health care provider. 3. Journalists should distinguish researchers with doctor- al degrees from medical doctors to add clarity to health care coverage. 4. To provide comprehensive coverage of health care, the media should include information by and about nurses. 5. It is essential to distinguish health care from medicine. as subject matter in the media in many states and numerous nations around the world. Founded in 2001 by Sandy Summers, RN, and a group of seven graduate students at Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing. The Truth about Nurs- ing uses a variety of social media, including Face- book, Twitter, and LinkedIn, among others, to shape the public's image of nursing. Some of their efforts have included convincing a number of major corpo- rations to change their advertising when they have portrayed nurses in a sexualized or otherwise trivi- alized manner. Ultimately all nurses hold the professional responsi- bility to reinforce positive images of nursing and, equally important, to speak out against negative ones. The nurs- ing profession has the major responsibility for improv- ing its own image. The major avenue for changing the image of nursing occurs one nurse-patient encounter at a time, where nurses demonstrate what nurses do and how to look and behave professionally. In addition, organizations such as the ANA can enhance nursing's image by offering services as consultants to media and setting professional standards.
48 esc . One way in which nursing can take responsibility for its public image is for nurses to become sensitive to por- trayals of nurses and nursing in the media. Box 2.2 con- tains a checklist for monitoring media images of nurses and nursing on TV and in movies; however, you should keep this checklist in mind as you visit websites, read blogs, books, and other media, and notice commercials and advertisements. Then take action: • Contact those responsible for negative nursing images on television and in movies. Contact the companies that sponsor television pro- grams with negative images of nurses. ing in a negative manner. . Contact the editors of publications that present Boycott programs, films, and products that p Importantly, contact those responsible for e portrayals of nurses and the profession of letting them know that you have noticed and negative images of nurses and nursing. ciate their efforts. National Population Trends Centr Over the course of American nursing history, have responded as individuals and as a p profesi CHAPTER 2 The History and Social Context . . in the Media ex