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Peptic ulcers are erosions of the linings of either the stomach [Select] or duodenum of the small intestine [Select] [Select] . The bacteria that causes this, possesses numerous virulence factors that enable it to colonize the human stomach: a [Select] [Select] that inhibits acid production by stomach cells; [Select] that enable the bacterium to burrow through the mucus lining the stomach; [ Select] that facilitate binding to gastric cells; that inhibit phagocytic killing. One enzyme [Select] degrades the urea in gastric juice, producing highly alkaline ammonia, which neutralizes stomach acid. Pathogenesis begins when microbe burrows through the protective [Select] lining the stomach and attaches to cells, causing inflammation. The mucus layer thins, allowing entry of stomach acid, which can dissolve the lining, creating an [Select] , which may progress to