Answer Happy

SHORT ANSWER QUESTION Each pressure wave brings new understanding about how to support sustainability. Choose one wave and explain what it taught us about supporting sustainability.
To understand how the roles and responsibilities of government must change, we need to consider how the corporations and value chains whose activities governments regulate are themselves evolving through different stages in response to the three waves of public pressure. The first pressure wave-"Limits"-was built from the early 1960s. The wave intensified at the end of the decade, peaking from 1969 to 1973. Throughout the mid 1970s, a wave of environmental legislation swept across the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) region, and industry went into compliance mode. The first downwave followed, running from the mid 1970s to 1987. Acid rain had a major impact on European Union (EU) politics during the early 1980s but this was, on the whole, a period of conservative politics, with energétic attempts to roll back environmental legislation. However, a major turning point was reached in 1987
The second-Green"-pressure wave began in 1988 with the publication of Our Common Future by the Brundtland Commission (UNWCED, 1987), injecting the term "sustainable development into the political mainstream. Issues such as crone depletion and rainforest destruction helped to fuel a new movement: Green consumerism. The peak of the second wave ran from 1988 to 1991. The second downwave followed in 1991. The 1992 UN Earth Summit in Rio delayed the impending downwave, triggering spikes in media coverage of band such as climate change and biodiversity, but against a falling trend in publie concern. The trends were not all down, however, there were further spikes, driven by controversies around companies such as Shell. Monsanto and Nike, and by public concerns-at least in Europe--about "mad cow disease and genetically modified foods.
The third pressure wave-"Globalization"-began in 1999. Protests against the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Group of 8 industrialized countries (G8), World Economic Forum and other institutions called attention to the critical role of public and international instrations in promoting-or hindering-sustainable development. The 2002 UN word Cummit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) brought the issue of governance for sustainable development firmly on to the global agenda-although not on to the agenda of the government of the US. The US, which helped to trigger and lead the first two waves, has remained in something of a downwave in relation to issues such as climate change, running counter to public opinion and pressure in other OECD countries.
Omer OCC/countries. The third downwave began, we believe, late in 2002. Intuitively, we expect it to last somewhere between five and eight years. The focus this time will be on new definitions of security, new forms of governance (both global and corporate), the "accessgenda (for example, access to clean water, affordable energy, drugs for HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis, and so on), the role of financial markets (for and ple, evolving forms of liability, with the problems that have hit the asbestos and tobacco industries spreading to such industries as fast food, fossil energy auto manufacture) and the increasingly central role of social entrepreneurs. Further afield, we expect fourth and fifth waves, very likely on shorter time frequencies and possibly-with less dramatic fluctuations in public interest. As these subsequent waves and downwaves develop, what we call the chrysalis economy will emerge and evolve.