Answer Happy

Q3 Distinguishing Proximate and Ultimate Hypotheses 1 8 Points Adults of a little sea slug called a Red Sponge Nudibranch, Rostanga pulchra, are found living exclusively on species of red sponges, on which they also feed exclusively. They also lay their spiral-shaped egg masses on these sponges, and after hatching the larval nudibranchs spend a few days or weeks drifting around in the ocean currents (as a member of the marine plankton community) before settling on another red sponge colony and metamorphosing into a small version of an adult nudibranch. Why do larval Red Sponge Nudibranchs settle on red sponges? Pick the Level of Analysis that each of the following hypotheses correspond to: Q3.1 Larvae that settle on red sponges are hard for predators to detect because they are well camouflaged on the red sponges. 1 Point Ultimate: Fitness O Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal

Q3.2 Larvae that settle on other kinds of sponges die because they are unable to eat those species of sponges. 1 Point Ultimate: Fitness Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental Proximate: Causal Q3.3 Larvae that are ready to settle detect chemicals produced by the sponges and this stimulates them to settle there. 1 Point Ultimate: Fitness Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal

Q3.4 Chemicals from the sponge are deposited in eggs laid by the adult nudibranchs that had been eating the sponge, and this early exposure to these chemicals primes the nervous system to be able to recognize these chemicals later when the larvae are ready to choose a settlement location. 1 Point O Ultimate: Fitness O Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal Q3.5 Ability to recognize the appropriate sponge species is innate and does not require early experience with the Iponge. 1 Point O Ultimate: Fitness O Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal

Q3.6 Red Sponge Nudibranchs belong to a lineage of nudibranchs that mostly live and feed on several species of yellow sponges, suggesting that the preference for red sponges appeared relatively recently. 1 Point O Ultimate: Fitness O Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal Q3.7 The larvae sample the sponge surface by touch, and only red sponges have a surface texture that stimulates settlement behavior. 1 Point O Ultimate: Fitness O Ultimate: Historical Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal

Q3.8 The larvae are attracted to the red color of the sponges. 1 Point O Ultimate: Fitness O Ultimate: Historical O Proximate: Developmental O Proximate: Causal