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4. A three-pipe network is indicated in the figure below. The pipes in the network have a diameter of 200 mm, a 'C' factor of 100, and a length of 500 m. The nodal demands are all 1 L/s. The source reservoir has a water level of 110 m. Calculate the flows in the pipes and the pressure heads at the nodes.
P1 N1 P3 P2 Figure 3. Schematic of water distribution system. N2
The following equations may be useful: Hazen-Williams: Q=0.278CD2.53 0.54, S=AhiL . A Mannings: Q=R²/3505, S=AhiL . Darcy-Weisbach: Ah = . Loop Corrections: 91 = fL V² D 2g Σteler¹ nΣko"- loop loop fL 5²5.0² -0.0826- n = 1.852 (Hazen-Williams) " 4- Total Dynamic Head: TDH = H, H₁, H-static head; H-friction losses Unless otherwise stated, (i) assume that local losses and velocity head are negligible, (ii) that the given values for pipe diameters are nominal pipe diameters and (iii) that the flow involves water with a density p = 1,000 kg/m² and kinematic viscosity = 1.31 x 106 m²/s.