Project Management Professional PMI Questions + Answers Part 16
Posted: Thu Mar 03, 2022 10:38 am
QUESTION 1461
Which of the following types of contracts has the least risk to the seller?
A. Firm-fixed-price
B. Cost-plus-fixed-fee
C. Cost-plus-award-fee
D. Fixed-price-incentive fee
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
On a firm-fixed-price contract, the seller absorbs 100 percent of the risks; while on a cost-type contract, the buyer carries the most risk. Cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts have less risk to sellers than cost-plus-award-fee or cost-plus-incentive-fee contracts because the fee is fixed based on costs, so the seller is guaranteed a certain level of profit.
QUESTION 1462
Assume that your company has a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract. The contract value is $110,000, which consists of $100,000 of estimated costs with a 10-percent fixed fee. Assume that your company completes the work but only incurs $80,000 in actual cost. What is the total cost to the project?
A. $80,000 B. $90,000 C. $10,0000 D. $125,000
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In this situation the fixed-fee of $10,000 does not change but now represents a seller profit of 12.5 percent on incurred costs. This means that the total cost to the project is $90,000.
QUESTION 1463
You are responsible for a project in your organization that has multiple internal customers.
Because many people in your organization are interested in this project, you decide to prepare a stakeholder management strategy. Before preparing this strategy, you should______________
A. Conduct a stakeholder analysis to assess information needs
B. Determine a production schedule to show when each stakeholder needs each type of information produced C. Determine the potential impact that each stakeholder may generate
D. Prioritize each stakeholder's level of interest and influence
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Stakeholder analysis is used to analyze the information needs of the stakeholders and to determine the sources for meeting those needs. It helps to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project.
QUESTION 1464
Stakeholders often have issues, and you have asked each of your team members to document them. At each team meeting, you and your team discuss them and determine appropriate responses. You have a project issue log, which is______________
A. Part of the project's lessons learned
B. Added to the stakeholder register to show which stakeholder raised it C. An output from the manage stakeholder engagement process
D. An output from the control stakeholder engagement process
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Issues logs are an output of this process, as issues are expected in this process. The log is updated as new issues are identified, and existing issues are resolved.
QUESTION 1465
As you work on your project to update its software training classes to focus on an agile approach, you have a number of key stakeholders. As many students and their managers are requesting these classes, your CEO has taken a special interest in your project and has asked you to accelerate your schedule to complete it in
two months rather than in your planned six months but still have quality offerings. This means as you work to monitor overall project stakeholder relationships, you should______________
A. Provide notifications to stakeholders about status regularly
B. Ask your stakeholders for regular feedback as you work on your project C. Provide presentations to each stakeholder group
D. Determine how changes will be monitored and controlled
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
As you work in managing stakeholder engagement you should review your project management plan. Your CEO has requested a major schedule change; among other things the project management plan is an input to this process as it contains a change management plan that documents how changes will be monitored and controlled.
QUESTION 1466
As you work with your team to prepare your stakeholder management plan, you decided to develop a stakeholder engagement chart. You set it up so you could______________
A. Show the phase of your project of interest to identified stakeholders
B. Show gaps between current and desired levels of engagement
C. Determine which stakeholders you and your team felt were critical to project success but did not know about it D. Determine when to involve key stakeholders in your project
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is used as a tool and technique in plan stakeholder management. The purpose of the matrix is to show gaps between current and desired engagement levels to then ensure the plan provides these data.
QUESTION 1467
Having worked as a project manager for nine years, you know how important it is to identify the critical stakeholders so you do not overlook anyone who has a major influence on your project even if you do not ever plan to meet with or talk with this individual. As you work with your team, you explain the key benefit of the identify stakeholder process is that it______________
A. Identifies the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or influence project decisions
B. Shows the interdependencies among project stakeholders to enable classification for how best to involve them on your project C. Identifies the appropriate focus for each stakeholder or a group of stakeholders
D. Shows the potential impact each stakeholder has on project success
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The identify stakeholder process has a number of purposes. It identifies people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project. It analyzes and documents relevant information concerning their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence and potential impact on project success. Its key benefit is to allow the project manager to identify the appropriate focus for each stakeholder.
QUESTION 1468
The last step in the stakeholder analysis process is to______________
A. Determine the organizational culture
B. Assess how stakeholders probably will respond in various situations C. Determine stakeholder roles, interests, and expectations
D. Evaluate the amount of support each stakeholder could generate
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In stakeholder analysis, the last step is to assess how key stakeholders are likely to react or respond to various situations in order to plan how to influence them to enhance their support and mitigate any potential negative impacts.
QUESTION 1469
You realize that on projects, some stakeholders will not be as receptive as others to your project and actually can be negative from the beginning. Assume you have classified your stakeholders on your project designed to ensure students in your city have access to the best educational resources available, whether in class or on line, your stakeholder management plan is a sensitive document. Therefore, you need to______________
A. Tell your team to never disclose it to anyone outside the team without consulting you first B. Involve your team as you develop it but maintain the final copy yourself
C. Review the validity of its underlying assumptions
D. Set up an information distribution system and have each team member sign it for concurrence
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Information on resistant stakeholders can be damaging, and consideration is needed regarding distributing the stakeholder management plan and the stakeholder register. The project manager needs to be aware of the sensitive nature of these documents. When preparing and updating them, the best practice is to review the underlying assumptions to ensure continued accuracy and relevancy.
QUESTION 1470
Stakeholder engagement involves a number of critical activities. An example is______________
A. Ensuring goals are met through negotiation and communications
B. Developing management strategies to engage them during the project's life cycle C. Adjusting strategies and plans to engage stakeholders effectively
D. Identifying the scope and impact of changes to project stakeholders
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A key activity in manage stakeholder engagement is to manage stakeholder expectations through negotiation and communications, ensuring project goals are achieved.
QUESTION 1471
Assume you are managing the development of a construction project in your city to replace its five bridges so they are state of the art and meet updated safety standards since they originally were constructed 20 years ago. The design work has been completed, you have awarded subcontracts, and are set to begin construction. Today your legal department told you to stop work as you had not consulted them, and there was a critical standard you overlooked during the design process.
This example shows______________
A. You need to continually work to engage stakeholders on your project
B. You should use a RACI chart and have one of your team members work with the legal department throughout the project
C. You should provide the legal department with a copy of your stakeholder management plan and ask for their representative to sign it and offer any comments D. You need to continually identify project stakeholders
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Stakeholder identification is a continual process throughout the project life cycle. The legal department often is overlooked, but it is a significant stakeholder, and in this situation, delays resulted. Significant expenses often are due to legal requirements that must be met before the project can be completed, or the project scope is delivered.
QUESTION 1472
Assume your construction project is for a small city with only 8,500 people. There has been opposition to it from the beginning, when the City Commissioners approved it by many residents. The residents recognize they will be severely impacted as the new bridges are implemented, and during the public hearings before the Commissioners' decision, they hired an attorney to state they felt the more cost effective approach was to strengthen the bridges so they met today's safety requirements. Residents now know you have been ordered to stop work, and they have requested a meeting with the Commission on Tuesday. This means you should______________
A. Develop a mitigation plan to present at this meeting
B. Work diligently with the legal department to satisfy their concerns and receive a go ahead before Tuesday's meeting C. Demonstrate at the meeting the sustainability impacts of the new bridges
D. Balance the interests of these negative stakeholders and meet with them before Tuesday's meeting
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Overlooking negative stakeholders' interests can result in an increased likelihood of failures, delays, or other negative consequences to projects. The project manager must control stakeholder engagement, which can be difficult since they often have different or competing objectives.
QUESTION 1473
Assume you have identified your stakeholders and are preparing your stakeholder management plan. You are fortunate that your team is a collocated team as you are working on an internal project to reorganize your IT Department so it is focused more on its customers. The project sponsor is the Chief Operating Officer, and the IT Department Director was surprised as she thought all was well. However, you notice when planning meetings are held, the Chief Financial Officer never attends. You feel since IT affects the entire company, all the senior leaders need some type of involvement. You therefore feel the Chief Financial Officer may be______________
A. Resistant
B. Unaware
C. Uninterested D. Satisfied
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Since the Chief Financial Officer has financial responsibility for all of the company's work, in preparing a stakeholder engagement strategy, he or she probably is aware of this project, and probably is resistant to change, perhaps feeling resources could be better spent on other initiatives.
QUESTION 1474
Assume your stakeholder management plan has been approved. You now are working with your team to promote stakeholder engagement on your project. You explain in a team meeting its benefit is to______________
A. Clarify and resolve identified issues
B. Meet stakeholder needs and expectations
C. Obtain their continued commitment to the project D. Increase support and minimize resistance
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The other possible answers are activities in the manage stakeholder engagement process. Its benefit is to allow the project manager to increase support and minimize resistance from stakeholders to significantly increase chances for success.
QUESTION 1475
The stakeholder register should not be prepared only one time, but it should be updated regularly especially if______________
A. The stakeholder is not an active participant
B. The stakeholder is not impacted by the project
C. The stakeholder does not read status updates
D. The stakeholder leads a corporate reorganization
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Project document updates are an output to the manage stakeholder engagement process.
These updates involve the stakeholder register. It should be updated as stakeholder information changes, when new stakeholders are identified, or if stakeholders listed in the register are no longer involved in or impacted by the project.
QUESTION 1476
Working to foster stakeholder engagement, as the project manager, you know a combination of interpersonal skills and general management skills is needed. An example of a key interpersonal skill in stakeholder engagement is______________
A. Facilitating consensus B. Influencing people
C. Resolving conflicts
D. Negotiating agreements
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Conflicts are common on projects and between stakeholders. Other interpersonal skills useful in managing stakeholder engagement are building trust, active listening and overcoming resistance to change.
QUESTION 1477
Stakeholder engagement must be controlled on a continuous basis for it to be effective. You realize a number of project documents can be useful for you as a project manager. An example is______________
A. Technical performance measures
B. Change log
C. Actual costs
D. Start and finish dates of schedule activities
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions
Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Projects involve change, and most everyone tends to resist it. A change log is useful to review in the control stakeholder engagement process. Other useful documents are the schedule, stakeholder register, issue log, and project communications.
QUESTION 1478
Expert judgment is a best practice as a tool and technique in many project management processes, and the list of possible sources for experts varies by the organization and by its association with others. One way once you have identified experts who you feel could be of assistance is to______________
A. Use a focus group
B. Review documentation
C. Hold one-on-one interviews D. Conduct interviews
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The key word in the question was experts. Useful ways to obtain information from experts is to use a survey, such as a Delphi approach, or to use a focus group, an excellent approach to obtain insight into attitudes, useful to control stakeholder engagement.
QUESTION 1479
Assume you are beginning your project to develop a series of residential condominiums in your city and are identifying possible stakeholders. A key organizational process asset you can review is______________
A. Organizational culture
B. Organizational standards C. Lessons learned
D. Local trends
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Lessons learned, stakeholder register templates, and stakeholder registers from previous projects are examples of organizational process assets that can influence the identify stakeholders process.
QUESTION 1480
One way to develop an understanding of major project stakeholders to exchange and analyze project information about roles and interests is to______________
A. Conduct interviews
B. Hold profile analysis meetings
C. Use questionnaires and surveys
D. Conduct a stakeholder analysis and analyze the results with a focus group
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A profile analysis meeting is a tool and technique in the identify stakeholders process. Its purpose is to develop a deeper understanding of major project stakeholders. The meetings can be used to exchange and analyze information about roles, interests, knowledge, and the overall position of each stakeholder about the project.
QUESTION 1481
Having prepared stakeholder management plans on previous projects, you know it is positive to review the project management plan because it______________
A. Provides information as to how to plan appropriate ways to engage stakeholders
B. Contains information useful to ensure the stakeholder management plan is aligned with the organization's culture C. Helps to determine the best options to support an adaptive process for stakeholder management
D. Contains a change management plan and documents how changes will be monitored and controlled
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Among other key items useful in the project management plan to review while preparing the stakeholder management plan is the change management plan. All projects involve some type of change. Reviewing this plan can help the project manager work with stakeholders who may be resistant to the project to help turn them into ones who are supportive or at least neutral to the resulting changes.
QUESTION 1482
Assume you have performed your stakeholder analysis and now are working to enhance it with a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix. Such a matrix shows the stakeholder's current engagement level. These data enable______________
A. The project manager to prepare the stakeholder management plan
B. The project manager to prepare the stakeholder management strategy C. The project manager to prepare the stakeholder inventory
D. The project team to expand the stakeholder risk register
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix shows the stakeholders current engagement in the project, and the project manager and team then can use it to note the desired level of engagement. As a tool and technique in plan stakeholder management, the project manager then uses it to help prepare the stakeholder management plan.
QUESTION 1483
The ability of stakeholders to influence a project is______________
A. Constant throughout the project life cycle as different stakeholders have different levels of interest in the project at different times
B. Highest during the closing stage since key stakeholder acceptance criteria must be met
C. Highest during planning as the team is still in the storming stage as various stakeholders' positions are being known and recognized D. Highest in the very early stages as the project is being approved and initiated
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholders' ability to influence the project is highest during the initial phases and gets progressively lower as the project progresses. Active management of stakeholders' involvement decreases the risk of the project failing to meet its goals and objectives.
QUESTION 1484
Identifying interrelationships and potential overlap between stakeholders is useful to the project manager as he or she works with stakeholders. It should be documented as part of the______________
A. Stakeholder register
B. Stakeholder management strategy
C. Stakeholder management plan
D. Stakeholder engagement assessment matrix
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholder management plan identifies the management strategies required to effectively engage stakeholders. It includes, among other things, the identified interrelationships and potential overlap between stakeholders. This information is invaluable especially if some stakeholders are resistant or negative to the project and also in determining the level of frequency of desired interaction and communications requirements.
QUESTION 1485
You recently took over a relatively new project expected to last another seven years. The previous project manager completed most of the WBS. When you begin to define the project activities, you realize that the WBS work packages expected to occur in the next year are planned in detail, but the work packages for later in the future (three years or more) are not planned with much detail, if any detail at all. You determine______________
A. It is a major problem. The WBS is incomplete and you need to redefine the project scope to complete the project schedule.
B. It is a problem that must be resolved quickly. The previous project manager was not done with the WBS, and you must stop the project to complete the WBS in sufficient detail.
C. It is not a problem at this time. The previous project manager was using the rolling wave planning technique, so you are able to continue defining the activities.
D. It is not a problem at this time. You can only plan what you know. You plan to communicate to the project sponsor that the WBS is not sufficient to plan the whole project and that the sponsor can worry about the details.
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Rolling wave planning provides progressive detailing of the work to be accomplished throughout the life of the project.
QUESTION 1486
On your project to construct a new runway for your City's airport, you are in the process of selecting vendors for various parts of this project. You have conducted your make-or-buy analysis and have issued Requests for Proposals. You believe it is important to examine past performance of potential vendors. This means you are using______________
A. Proposal evaluation techniques
B. Multi-disciplinary review teams C. Analytical techniques
D. Independent estimates
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Analytical techniques are a tool and technique in conduct procurements. They are used to help organizations identify the readiness of a vendor to provide the desired end state, determine costs to support budgeting, and avoid cost overruns. In evaluating past performance they identify areas that have more risk and that may need to be monitored closely for project success.
QUESTION 1487
Change control procedures, configuration management knowledge base, versions, and baselines in the develop project management plan process are:
A. Enterprise environmental factors
B. Organizational process assets
C. Part of the project's configuration management plan, which as a subsidiary plan will be part of the project management plan D. Part of the organization's management practices
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Organizational process assets include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, and guidelines. As an input to the develop project management plan process, they include the items listed as well as standardized guidelines, instructions, proposal evaluation criteria, and performance measurement criteria; project management plan template; change control procedures; project files from previous projects; and historical information and lessons learned.
QUESTION 1488
You are managing a project that has five subcontractors. You must monitor contract performance, make payments, and manage provider interface. One subcontractor submitted a change request to expand the scope of its work. You decided to award a contract modification based on a review of this request. All these activities are part of______________
A. Control procurements B. Conduct procurements C. Form contract
D. Configuration management
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The purpose of control procurements is to ensure that the contractual requirements are met by the seller. This objective is accomplished by managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance and making changes and corrections to contracts if appropriate.
QUESTION 1489
Although the project charter serves to state the project manager's authority and responsibility on the project, the project manager further requires which type of power in order to be an effective leader?
A. Expert
B. Legitimate C. Position D. Referent
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Expert power is a function of knowledge, skills, and reputation possessed by the project manager.
In such situations, project personnel will do what the project manager wants because they believe he or she knows best, and they trust and respect the project manager.
QUESTION 1490
The performance measurement baseline consists of all the following EXCEPT______________
A. Scope baseline
B. Requirements baseline C. Schedule baseline
D. Cost baseline
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions
Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The scope, schedule, and cost baselines may be combined into a performance measurement baseline. It also may include technical and quality parameters. It then is used as an overall project baseline against which project execution is compared to measure and manage performance. It also is used for earned value measurements.
QUESTION 1491
While working as the project manager on a new project to improve overall ease of use in the development of a railroad switching station, you have decided to add a subject matter expert who specializes in ergonomics to your team. She has decided to observe the existing approach as you and your team work to define requirements for the new system. This method is also called______________
A. Mentoring
B. Coaching
C. Job shadowing
D. User experimentation
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Observations are a tool and technique in the collect requirements process. They provide a way to view individuals in their environment and to see how they perform their jobs or tasks and carry out processes. Another term for this approach is job shadowing and usually is done by an observer viewing the user performing his or her job.
QUESTION 1492
As you manage the railroad switching station project, you are concerned that the business analyst who was responsible for preparing the WBS may have overlooked some parts of the project. In order to see if the WBS requires enhancements you decide to______________
A. Perform a cause-and-effect diagram
B. Meet with your sponsor
C. Use an affinity diagram
D. Review the accompanying WBS Dictionary with a member of the PMO
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In quality assurance an affinity diagram is used to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought about a problem. Using them in project management, one can enhance the creation of the WBS by using it to give structure to the decomposition of scope.
QUESTION 1493
Assume that your company is working under a fixed-price-incentive contract. It has a target cost of $100,000, a target profit of 10%, a price ceiling of $120,000, and a share formula of 80/20. Assume that your company completes all of the work but has actual costs of $110,000. What is the final value of this procurement?
A. $120,000 B. $132,000 C. $118,000 D. $110,000
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In this situation, there is a $10,000 overrun from the target costs. Applying the 80/20 share ratio, the seller's share of the overrun is 20% of $10,000 or a minus $2,000 in earned fee. The final value of this procurement is $110,000 in costs, plus a seller fee of $10,000 less $2,000, or $8,000 for a final price of $118,000.
QUESTION 1494
You need to outsource the testing function of your project. Your subcontracts department informed you that the following document must be prepared before conducting the procurement:
A. Make-or-buy analysis
B. Procurement management plan C. Evaluation methodology
D. Contract terms and conditions
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The procurement management plan describes how the project management team will acquire goods and services from outside the performing organization. It
describes how the procurement processes will be used from developing procurement documents through closing contracts.
QUESTION 1495
To identify inefficient and ineffective policies, processes, and procedures in use on a project, you should conduct______________
A. An inspection
B. A process analysis C. Benchmarking
D. A quality audit
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A quality audit is a tool and technique for the perform quality assurance process. It is primarily used to determine whether the project team is complying with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.
QUESTION 1496
Having worked previously as a software project manager, you were pleased to be appointed as the project manager for a new systems integration project designed to replace the existing air traffic control system in your country. You found a requirements traceability matrix to be helpful on software projects, so you decided to use it on this systems integration project. Using such a matrix helps to ensure that each requirement______________
A. Adds quality and supports the organization's quality policy
B. Adds business value as it links to business and project objectives
C. Sets forth the level of service, performance, safety, security, and compliance
D. Shows the impact to other organizational areas and to entities outside of the performing organization
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The requirements traceability matrix is a table that links requirements to their origin and traces them throughout the life cycle. This approach helps to ensure that each requirement adds value as it links to the business and project objectives. It also tracks requirements during the life cycle to help ensure that the requirements listed in the requirements document are delivered at the end of the project.
QUESTION 1497
During the closing phase of the project, the top-ranked source of conflict is______________
A. Schedule
B. Administrative procedures C. Cost
D. Human resources
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In many projects, there is a rush to finish because of schedule slippages that develop in the execution/implementation phase. Delays in schedules become cumulative and impact the project most severely in the final stages of the project. While there are other sources of conflict, such as personalities and cost, attempting to finish on time is always on everyone's mind.
QUESTION 1498
Which of the following tools is used in process analysis to determine the underlying causes of defects?
A. Root cause analysis B. Assumptions analysis C. Cost-benefit analysis D. Quality metrics
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Determining the root cause of the problem means to determine the origin of the problem. What may appear to be the problem on the surface is often revealed, after further analysis, not to be the real cause of the problem. Process analysis includes root cause analysis used to identify as problem, discover the underlying causes that lead to it and develop preventive actions.
QUESTION 1499
All of the following statements concerning validate scope and control quality are true EXCEPT______________
A. The processes can be performed in parallel
B. Both processes use inspection as a tool and technique
C. Validate scope is concerned with the acceptance of deliverables, and control quality is concerned with meeting quality requirements for the deliverables D. Validate scope verification typically precedes control quality
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Validate scope focuses on accepting project deliverables, and to be accepted, they must meet the requirements. Control quality is one way to ensure that the requirements have been met, which is why control quality typically is done before validate scope.
QUESTION 1500
Consider a company that sells products to consumers: as one product begins the deterioration and death phases of its life cycle (or the divestment phase of a system), new products or projects must be established. This means that______________
A. The company requires a continuous stream of projects to survive B. The company is not at a high level of maturity
C. The company is in a period of overall decline
D. The company definitely lacks a balanced portfolio
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Organizations that rely on products for their revenue must constantly be introducing new products into the marketplace as old products are removed. Ideally, this should be an overlapping process to maintain balanced or increasing revenue over time. The closure phase evaluates the efforts of the total system and serves as input to the conceptual phase for new projects and systems. It also has an impact on other ongoing projects with regard to identifying priorities.
QUESTION 1501
You are in the process of performing quality assurance on your product and find that some requirements are not as complete as they should be, which causes rework and adds costs to your overall project. The term for all costs incurred over the life of the product by investing in appraising and inspecting the product for conformance and nonconformance to requirements is called______________
A. Life-cycle costs
B. Expected value
C. Cost of conformance D. Cost of quality
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Cost of quality involves both the cost of conformance and the cost of non-conformance. Examples of the cost of conformance are divided into two categories prevention costs and appraisal cots (includes inspections). Costs of non-conformance include internal failure costs and external failure costs.
QUESTION 1502
The project scope baseline should be used in the identify risks process because it______________
A. Identifies project assumptions
B. Identifies all work that must be done; therefore, it includes all risks on the project C. Helps organize all work that must be done on the project
D. Contains information on risks from prior projects
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Project assumptions, which should be enumerated in the project scope baseline in the scope statement, are areas of uncertainty, and therefore, potential causes of project risk.
QUESTION 1503
Although there are various tools and techniques to consider as you collect requirements on your project, one approach that supports the concept of progressive elaboration is______________
A. Idea/mind mapping
B. Affinity diagrams
C. Prototypes
D. Joint Application Design® sessions
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Prototypes are used to obtain early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before it is built. Stakeholders then can experiment with this model rather than discussing abstract representations of requirements. This approach supports progressive elaboration, because it is used in iterative cycles of mock-up creation, user experimentation, feedback generation, and prototype revision.
QUESTION 1504
Although your company's project life cycle does not mandate when a project review should be conducted, you believe it is important to review performance at the conclusion of each phase. The objective of such a review is to______________
A. Determine how many resources are required to complete the project according to the project baseline B. Adjust the schedule and cost baselines based on past performance
C. Obtain customer acceptance of project deliverables
D. Determine whether the project should continue to the next phase
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The review at the end of a project phase is called a phase-end review. The purpose of this review is to determine whether the project should continue to the next phase for detecting and correcting errors while they are still manageable and for ensuring that the project remains focused on the business need it was undertaken to address.
QUESTION 1505
The key management skills required during the adjourning stage of team development include all but which one of the following?
A. Evaluating B. Reviewing C. Celebrating D. Improving
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
During the adjourning stage of team development, the emphasis is on tasks and relationships that promote closure and celebration. There is recognition and
satisfaction as the theme is moving on and separation. Management skills involve evaluating, reviewing, and improving, while leadership qualities are celebrating and bringing closure.
QUESTION 1506
The key to effective cost control is______________
A. Using earned value to forecast project status
B. Focusing on projected expenditures and actively networking with key stakeholders to ensure funds will be available as requested C. Informing stakeholders of the project's cost status
D. Managing the approved cost baseline and any changes to it
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The control costs process involves monitoring the project's status to update the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline. Its benefit is that is provides the means to recognize variance in order to take corrective action and minimize risks. Therefore, effective management of the approved cost baseline and any changes is imperative.
QUESTION 1507
While managing a large project in your organization, you realize that your project team requires training in contract administration because you will be awarding several major subcontracts. After you analyze your project requirements and assess the expertise of your team members, you decide that your team will need a one-week class in contract administration. This training should______________
A. Commence as scheduled and stated in the staffing management plan
B. Commence as scheduled and stated as part of the procurement management plan
C. Be scheduled if necessary after performance assessments are prepared and after each team member has had an opportunity to serve in the contract administrator role
D. Commence as scheduled and stated in the team development plan
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Training is a tool and technique for the develop project team process. The requirements and schedule for the develop project team process should be stated in the staffing management plan. Project team members' skills can be developed as part of the project activities.
QUESTION 1508
One key reason that the develop project charter process is so important is that it______________
A. Documents the boundaries of the project
B. States the methods for acceptance of the project's deliverables C. Describes the project's characteristics
D. Links the project to the ongoing work of the organization
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The project charter not only authorizes a project, it shows how the project is linked to the strategic plan of the organization. Among other things, the project charter documents the business need for the project and describes the current understanding of the requirements.
QUESTION 1509
Your company has been awarded a contract for project management consulting services for a major government agency. You were a member of the proposal writing team, are PMP certified, and you are the project manager. You are now working to prepare your project management plan, which is to be submitted in one week. You decided to use some facilitation techniques to help develop your plan. While a number are possible, you selected______________
A. Conflict resolution
B. Checklist analysis
C. SWOT analysis
D. Assumptions analysis
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Facilitation techniques are a tool and technique in develop project management plan process.
Other examples are brainstorming, problem solving, and meeting management. They are used to help teams and individuals achieve agreement to accomplish the project's objectives.
QUESTION 1510
Assume you had a phase gate meeting with your Governance Board for your project to develop the next generation radar system as part of the nation's airspace
modernization program. At this meeting, the Board approved your project management plan. However, as you begin to execute your plan, an organizational process asset to consider is______________
A. Stakeholder risk tolerances
B. The organization's culture
C. Hiring and firing guidelines
D. Process measurement data base
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The process measurement data base is an organizational process asset that is used to collect and make available measurement data on processes and products. The other answers are examples of enterprise environmental factors used as inputs to direct and manage the project work.
QUESTION 1511
Consider the data in the table below.
Assume that your project consists only of these three activities. Your estimate at completion is $4,400.00. This means you are calculating your EAC by using which of the following formulas?
A. EAC = AC/EV × BAC
B. EAC = AC/EV × [work completed and in progress] + [actual (or revised) cost of work packages that have not started] C. EAC = [Actual to date] + [all remaining work to be done at the planned cost including remaining work in progress]
D. EAC =% complete × BAC
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This formula assumes that all of the remaining work is independent of the burn rate incurred thus far. AC is $2,900 + [$500 + $1,000]. The $500 is from Activity B, and the $1,000 is from Activity C.
QUESTION 1512
Rolling wave planning in the create WBS process refers to situations in which______________
A. Certain deliverables or subprojects will be accomplished far into the future
B. Additional work is added to the project after the scope baseline has been established; therefore, additional decomposition is required
C. Identification codes for the WBS elements cannot be determined until the schedule activity list is complete in case revisions are required D. Subprojects are developed by external organizations and then become part of the WBS for the entire project
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Many projects involve deliverables or subprojects that will be accomplished far into the future and cannot be specified in detail at the current time. In these situations, the project management team typically waits until the deliverable or subproject is clarified so that details for that portion of the WBS can be developed. Then a rolling wave planning approach can be used.
QUESTION 1513
The lessons learned documentation is an output from the______________
A. Identify stakeholders process
B. Develop project management plan process C. Manage communications process
D. Plan communications management process
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Lessons learned documentation is an output of the manage communications process. It is an element of the organizational process assets updates. It includes the causes of issues, reasons for corrective actions selected, and other types of lessons learned about communications management.
QUESTION 1514
Your experience has taught you that inappropriate responses to cost variances can produce quality or schedule problems or unacceptable project risk. When
leading a team meeting to discuss the importance of cost control, you note that cost control is concerned with______________
A. Influencing the factors that create change to the authorized cost baseline
B. Developing an approximation of the costs of the resources needed to complete the project C. Allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items
D. Establishing a cost performance baseline
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The control costs process is also concerned with ensuring that requested changes have been acted upon, managing actual changes if and when they occur, ensuring cost expenditures do not exceed authorized funding, monitoring cost performance, preventing unapproved changes from being included in the reported cost or resource use, informing stakeholders of all approved changes and their costs and bringing expected cost overruns within acceptable limits.
QUESTION 1515
You are pleased to be the project manager for a new video conferencing system for your global organization. You want it to be one that is easy to use and is state of the art. As the project manager, you also are the project leader. You realize leadership is critical throughout the phases of the project and its key elements are______________
A. Respect and trust
B. Political and cultural awareness
C. Negotiation and influencing
D. Decision making and conflict management
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Leadership is critical to project management as it focuses on ensuring a group of people are working toward a common goal and enables them to work as a team. It involves getting things done through others. Respect and trust, not fear and submission, are its key elements. PMI®
QUESTION 1516
Your company is in the project management training business. In addition, the company publishes several exam study aids for the PMP® and CAPM® exam. You have your PMP® and you have been appointed as the project manager to make sure your company's training materials are updated to be aligned with the new PMBOK® Guide. You must complete your project in six months. You are now in month four. Many of your team members have been working on other projects as
the company uses matrix management. In a performance review meeting today, you informed your Governance Board that you did not think you could complete this project in the remaining two months. You were informed that additional resources were not available, but you had to complete your project on time. Your best course of action is to______________
A. Revise your schedule baseline
B. Use fast tracking
C. Adjust leads and lags now in your schedule D. Use modeling techniques
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Fast tracking or crashing the schedule for the remaining work to be done are examples of schedule compression techniques to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into alignment with the project management plan.
QUESTION 1517
Each time you meet with your project sponsor, she emphasizes the need for cost control. To address her concerns, you should provide______________
A. Work performance information B. Cost baseline updates
C. Resource productivity analyses D. Trend analysis statistics
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The project's work performance information should document and communicate the CV, SV, CPI, SPI, TCPI, and VAC for the WBS components in particular for specific work packages and control accounts.
QUESTION 1518
One output of the control costs process is cost forecasts, which is when______________
A. Modifications are made to the cost information used to manage the project and are communicated to stakeholders B. Trend analyses are performed and communicated to stakeholders
C. A budget update is required and communicated to all stakeholders
D. A calculated EAC value or a bottom-up EAC value is documented and communicated to stakeholders
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Cost forecasts are another output of control costs, and the EAC is used to show the expected total costs of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.
Which of the following types of contracts has the least risk to the seller?
A. Firm-fixed-price
B. Cost-plus-fixed-fee
C. Cost-plus-award-fee
D. Fixed-price-incentive fee
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
On a firm-fixed-price contract, the seller absorbs 100 percent of the risks; while on a cost-type contract, the buyer carries the most risk. Cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts have less risk to sellers than cost-plus-award-fee or cost-plus-incentive-fee contracts because the fee is fixed based on costs, so the seller is guaranteed a certain level of profit.
QUESTION 1462
Assume that your company has a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract. The contract value is $110,000, which consists of $100,000 of estimated costs with a 10-percent fixed fee. Assume that your company completes the work but only incurs $80,000 in actual cost. What is the total cost to the project?
A. $80,000 B. $90,000 C. $10,0000 D. $125,000
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In this situation the fixed-fee of $10,000 does not change but now represents a seller profit of 12.5 percent on incurred costs. This means that the total cost to the project is $90,000.
QUESTION 1463
You are responsible for a project in your organization that has multiple internal customers.
Because many people in your organization are interested in this project, you decide to prepare a stakeholder management strategy. Before preparing this strategy, you should______________
A. Conduct a stakeholder analysis to assess information needs
B. Determine a production schedule to show when each stakeholder needs each type of information produced C. Determine the potential impact that each stakeholder may generate
D. Prioritize each stakeholder's level of interest and influence
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Stakeholder analysis is used to analyze the information needs of the stakeholders and to determine the sources for meeting those needs. It helps to determine whose interests should be taken into account throughout the project.
QUESTION 1464
Stakeholders often have issues, and you have asked each of your team members to document them. At each team meeting, you and your team discuss them and determine appropriate responses. You have a project issue log, which is______________
A. Part of the project's lessons learned
B. Added to the stakeholder register to show which stakeholder raised it C. An output from the manage stakeholder engagement process
D. An output from the control stakeholder engagement process
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Issues logs are an output of this process, as issues are expected in this process. The log is updated as new issues are identified, and existing issues are resolved.
QUESTION 1465
As you work on your project to update its software training classes to focus on an agile approach, you have a number of key stakeholders. As many students and their managers are requesting these classes, your CEO has taken a special interest in your project and has asked you to accelerate your schedule to complete it in
two months rather than in your planned six months but still have quality offerings. This means as you work to monitor overall project stakeholder relationships, you should______________
A. Provide notifications to stakeholders about status regularly
B. Ask your stakeholders for regular feedback as you work on your project C. Provide presentations to each stakeholder group
D. Determine how changes will be monitored and controlled
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
As you work in managing stakeholder engagement you should review your project management plan. Your CEO has requested a major schedule change; among other things the project management plan is an input to this process as it contains a change management plan that documents how changes will be monitored and controlled.
QUESTION 1466
As you work with your team to prepare your stakeholder management plan, you decided to develop a stakeholder engagement chart. You set it up so you could______________
A. Show the phase of your project of interest to identified stakeholders
B. Show gaps between current and desired levels of engagement
C. Determine which stakeholders you and your team felt were critical to project success but did not know about it D. Determine when to involve key stakeholders in your project
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is used as a tool and technique in plan stakeholder management. The purpose of the matrix is to show gaps between current and desired engagement levels to then ensure the plan provides these data.
QUESTION 1467
Having worked as a project manager for nine years, you know how important it is to identify the critical stakeholders so you do not overlook anyone who has a major influence on your project even if you do not ever plan to meet with or talk with this individual. As you work with your team, you explain the key benefit of the identify stakeholder process is that it______________
A. Identifies the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or influence project decisions
B. Shows the interdependencies among project stakeholders to enable classification for how best to involve them on your project C. Identifies the appropriate focus for each stakeholder or a group of stakeholders
D. Shows the potential impact each stakeholder has on project success
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The identify stakeholder process has a number of purposes. It identifies people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity, or outcome of the project. It analyzes and documents relevant information concerning their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence and potential impact on project success. Its key benefit is to allow the project manager to identify the appropriate focus for each stakeholder.
QUESTION 1468
The last step in the stakeholder analysis process is to______________
A. Determine the organizational culture
B. Assess how stakeholders probably will respond in various situations C. Determine stakeholder roles, interests, and expectations
D. Evaluate the amount of support each stakeholder could generate
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In stakeholder analysis, the last step is to assess how key stakeholders are likely to react or respond to various situations in order to plan how to influence them to enhance their support and mitigate any potential negative impacts.
QUESTION 1469
You realize that on projects, some stakeholders will not be as receptive as others to your project and actually can be negative from the beginning. Assume you have classified your stakeholders on your project designed to ensure students in your city have access to the best educational resources available, whether in class or on line, your stakeholder management plan is a sensitive document. Therefore, you need to______________
A. Tell your team to never disclose it to anyone outside the team without consulting you first B. Involve your team as you develop it but maintain the final copy yourself
C. Review the validity of its underlying assumptions
D. Set up an information distribution system and have each team member sign it for concurrence
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Information on resistant stakeholders can be damaging, and consideration is needed regarding distributing the stakeholder management plan and the stakeholder register. The project manager needs to be aware of the sensitive nature of these documents. When preparing and updating them, the best practice is to review the underlying assumptions to ensure continued accuracy and relevancy.
QUESTION 1470
Stakeholder engagement involves a number of critical activities. An example is______________
A. Ensuring goals are met through negotiation and communications
B. Developing management strategies to engage them during the project's life cycle C. Adjusting strategies and plans to engage stakeholders effectively
D. Identifying the scope and impact of changes to project stakeholders
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A key activity in manage stakeholder engagement is to manage stakeholder expectations through negotiation and communications, ensuring project goals are achieved.
QUESTION 1471
Assume you are managing the development of a construction project in your city to replace its five bridges so they are state of the art and meet updated safety standards since they originally were constructed 20 years ago. The design work has been completed, you have awarded subcontracts, and are set to begin construction. Today your legal department told you to stop work as you had not consulted them, and there was a critical standard you overlooked during the design process.
This example shows______________
A. You need to continually work to engage stakeholders on your project
B. You should use a RACI chart and have one of your team members work with the legal department throughout the project
C. You should provide the legal department with a copy of your stakeholder management plan and ask for their representative to sign it and offer any comments D. You need to continually identify project stakeholders
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Stakeholder identification is a continual process throughout the project life cycle. The legal department often is overlooked, but it is a significant stakeholder, and in this situation, delays resulted. Significant expenses often are due to legal requirements that must be met before the project can be completed, or the project scope is delivered.
QUESTION 1472
Assume your construction project is for a small city with only 8,500 people. There has been opposition to it from the beginning, when the City Commissioners approved it by many residents. The residents recognize they will be severely impacted as the new bridges are implemented, and during the public hearings before the Commissioners' decision, they hired an attorney to state they felt the more cost effective approach was to strengthen the bridges so they met today's safety requirements. Residents now know you have been ordered to stop work, and they have requested a meeting with the Commission on Tuesday. This means you should______________
A. Develop a mitigation plan to present at this meeting
B. Work diligently with the legal department to satisfy their concerns and receive a go ahead before Tuesday's meeting C. Demonstrate at the meeting the sustainability impacts of the new bridges
D. Balance the interests of these negative stakeholders and meet with them before Tuesday's meeting
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Overlooking negative stakeholders' interests can result in an increased likelihood of failures, delays, or other negative consequences to projects. The project manager must control stakeholder engagement, which can be difficult since they often have different or competing objectives.
QUESTION 1473
Assume you have identified your stakeholders and are preparing your stakeholder management plan. You are fortunate that your team is a collocated team as you are working on an internal project to reorganize your IT Department so it is focused more on its customers. The project sponsor is the Chief Operating Officer, and the IT Department Director was surprised as she thought all was well. However, you notice when planning meetings are held, the Chief Financial Officer never attends. You feel since IT affects the entire company, all the senior leaders need some type of involvement. You therefore feel the Chief Financial Officer may be______________
A. Resistant
B. Unaware
C. Uninterested D. Satisfied
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Since the Chief Financial Officer has financial responsibility for all of the company's work, in preparing a stakeholder engagement strategy, he or she probably is aware of this project, and probably is resistant to change, perhaps feeling resources could be better spent on other initiatives.
QUESTION 1474
Assume your stakeholder management plan has been approved. You now are working with your team to promote stakeholder engagement on your project. You explain in a team meeting its benefit is to______________
A. Clarify and resolve identified issues
B. Meet stakeholder needs and expectations
C. Obtain their continued commitment to the project D. Increase support and minimize resistance
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The other possible answers are activities in the manage stakeholder engagement process. Its benefit is to allow the project manager to increase support and minimize resistance from stakeholders to significantly increase chances for success.
QUESTION 1475
The stakeholder register should not be prepared only one time, but it should be updated regularly especially if______________
A. The stakeholder is not an active participant
B. The stakeholder is not impacted by the project
C. The stakeholder does not read status updates
D. The stakeholder leads a corporate reorganization
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Project document updates are an output to the manage stakeholder engagement process.
These updates involve the stakeholder register. It should be updated as stakeholder information changes, when new stakeholders are identified, or if stakeholders listed in the register are no longer involved in or impacted by the project.
QUESTION 1476
Working to foster stakeholder engagement, as the project manager, you know a combination of interpersonal skills and general management skills is needed. An example of a key interpersonal skill in stakeholder engagement is______________
A. Facilitating consensus B. Influencing people
C. Resolving conflicts
D. Negotiating agreements
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Conflicts are common on projects and between stakeholders. Other interpersonal skills useful in managing stakeholder engagement are building trust, active listening and overcoming resistance to change.
QUESTION 1477
Stakeholder engagement must be controlled on a continuous basis for it to be effective. You realize a number of project documents can be useful for you as a project manager. An example is______________
A. Technical performance measures
B. Change log
C. Actual costs
D. Start and finish dates of schedule activities
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions
Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Projects involve change, and most everyone tends to resist it. A change log is useful to review in the control stakeholder engagement process. Other useful documents are the schedule, stakeholder register, issue log, and project communications.
QUESTION 1478
Expert judgment is a best practice as a tool and technique in many project management processes, and the list of possible sources for experts varies by the organization and by its association with others. One way once you have identified experts who you feel could be of assistance is to______________
A. Use a focus group
B. Review documentation
C. Hold one-on-one interviews D. Conduct interviews
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The key word in the question was experts. Useful ways to obtain information from experts is to use a survey, such as a Delphi approach, or to use a focus group, an excellent approach to obtain insight into attitudes, useful to control stakeholder engagement.
QUESTION 1479
Assume you are beginning your project to develop a series of residential condominiums in your city and are identifying possible stakeholders. A key organizational process asset you can review is______________
A. Organizational culture
B. Organizational standards C. Lessons learned
D. Local trends
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Lessons learned, stakeholder register templates, and stakeholder registers from previous projects are examples of organizational process assets that can influence the identify stakeholders process.
QUESTION 1480
One way to develop an understanding of major project stakeholders to exchange and analyze project information about roles and interests is to______________
A. Conduct interviews
B. Hold profile analysis meetings
C. Use questionnaires and surveys
D. Conduct a stakeholder analysis and analyze the results with a focus group
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A profile analysis meeting is a tool and technique in the identify stakeholders process. Its purpose is to develop a deeper understanding of major project stakeholders. The meetings can be used to exchange and analyze information about roles, interests, knowledge, and the overall position of each stakeholder about the project.
QUESTION 1481
Having prepared stakeholder management plans on previous projects, you know it is positive to review the project management plan because it______________
A. Provides information as to how to plan appropriate ways to engage stakeholders
B. Contains information useful to ensure the stakeholder management plan is aligned with the organization's culture C. Helps to determine the best options to support an adaptive process for stakeholder management
D. Contains a change management plan and documents how changes will be monitored and controlled
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Among other key items useful in the project management plan to review while preparing the stakeholder management plan is the change management plan. All projects involve some type of change. Reviewing this plan can help the project manager work with stakeholders who may be resistant to the project to help turn them into ones who are supportive or at least neutral to the resulting changes.
QUESTION 1482
Assume you have performed your stakeholder analysis and now are working to enhance it with a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix. Such a matrix shows the stakeholder's current engagement level. These data enable______________
A. The project manager to prepare the stakeholder management plan
B. The project manager to prepare the stakeholder management strategy C. The project manager to prepare the stakeholder inventory
D. The project team to expand the stakeholder risk register
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix shows the stakeholders current engagement in the project, and the project manager and team then can use it to note the desired level of engagement. As a tool and technique in plan stakeholder management, the project manager then uses it to help prepare the stakeholder management plan.
QUESTION 1483
The ability of stakeholders to influence a project is______________
A. Constant throughout the project life cycle as different stakeholders have different levels of interest in the project at different times
B. Highest during the closing stage since key stakeholder acceptance criteria must be met
C. Highest during planning as the team is still in the storming stage as various stakeholders' positions are being known and recognized D. Highest in the very early stages as the project is being approved and initiated
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholders' ability to influence the project is highest during the initial phases and gets progressively lower as the project progresses. Active management of stakeholders' involvement decreases the risk of the project failing to meet its goals and objectives.
QUESTION 1484
Identifying interrelationships and potential overlap between stakeholders is useful to the project manager as he or she works with stakeholders. It should be documented as part of the______________
A. Stakeholder register
B. Stakeholder management strategy
C. Stakeholder management plan
D. Stakeholder engagement assessment matrix
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The stakeholder management plan identifies the management strategies required to effectively engage stakeholders. It includes, among other things, the identified interrelationships and potential overlap between stakeholders. This information is invaluable especially if some stakeholders are resistant or negative to the project and also in determining the level of frequency of desired interaction and communications requirements.
QUESTION 1485
You recently took over a relatively new project expected to last another seven years. The previous project manager completed most of the WBS. When you begin to define the project activities, you realize that the WBS work packages expected to occur in the next year are planned in detail, but the work packages for later in the future (three years or more) are not planned with much detail, if any detail at all. You determine______________
A. It is a major problem. The WBS is incomplete and you need to redefine the project scope to complete the project schedule.
B. It is a problem that must be resolved quickly. The previous project manager was not done with the WBS, and you must stop the project to complete the WBS in sufficient detail.
C. It is not a problem at this time. The previous project manager was using the rolling wave planning technique, so you are able to continue defining the activities.
D. It is not a problem at this time. You can only plan what you know. You plan to communicate to the project sponsor that the WBS is not sufficient to plan the whole project and that the sponsor can worry about the details.
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Rolling wave planning provides progressive detailing of the work to be accomplished throughout the life of the project.
QUESTION 1486
On your project to construct a new runway for your City's airport, you are in the process of selecting vendors for various parts of this project. You have conducted your make-or-buy analysis and have issued Requests for Proposals. You believe it is important to examine past performance of potential vendors. This means you are using______________
A. Proposal evaluation techniques
B. Multi-disciplinary review teams C. Analytical techniques
D. Independent estimates
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Analytical techniques are a tool and technique in conduct procurements. They are used to help organizations identify the readiness of a vendor to provide the desired end state, determine costs to support budgeting, and avoid cost overruns. In evaluating past performance they identify areas that have more risk and that may need to be monitored closely for project success.
QUESTION 1487
Change control procedures, configuration management knowledge base, versions, and baselines in the develop project management plan process are:
A. Enterprise environmental factors
B. Organizational process assets
C. Part of the project's configuration management plan, which as a subsidiary plan will be part of the project management plan D. Part of the organization's management practices
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Organizational process assets include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, and guidelines. As an input to the develop project management plan process, they include the items listed as well as standardized guidelines, instructions, proposal evaluation criteria, and performance measurement criteria; project management plan template; change control procedures; project files from previous projects; and historical information and lessons learned.
QUESTION 1488
You are managing a project that has five subcontractors. You must monitor contract performance, make payments, and manage provider interface. One subcontractor submitted a change request to expand the scope of its work. You decided to award a contract modification based on a review of this request. All these activities are part of______________
A. Control procurements B. Conduct procurements C. Form contract
D. Configuration management
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The purpose of control procurements is to ensure that the contractual requirements are met by the seller. This objective is accomplished by managing procurement relationships, monitoring contract performance and making changes and corrections to contracts if appropriate.
QUESTION 1489
Although the project charter serves to state the project manager's authority and responsibility on the project, the project manager further requires which type of power in order to be an effective leader?
A. Expert
B. Legitimate C. Position D. Referent
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Expert power is a function of knowledge, skills, and reputation possessed by the project manager.
In such situations, project personnel will do what the project manager wants because they believe he or she knows best, and they trust and respect the project manager.
QUESTION 1490
The performance measurement baseline consists of all the following EXCEPT______________
A. Scope baseline
B. Requirements baseline C. Schedule baseline
D. Cost baseline
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions
Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The scope, schedule, and cost baselines may be combined into a performance measurement baseline. It also may include technical and quality parameters. It then is used as an overall project baseline against which project execution is compared to measure and manage performance. It also is used for earned value measurements.
QUESTION 1491
While working as the project manager on a new project to improve overall ease of use in the development of a railroad switching station, you have decided to add a subject matter expert who specializes in ergonomics to your team. She has decided to observe the existing approach as you and your team work to define requirements for the new system. This method is also called______________
A. Mentoring
B. Coaching
C. Job shadowing
D. User experimentation
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Observations are a tool and technique in the collect requirements process. They provide a way to view individuals in their environment and to see how they perform their jobs or tasks and carry out processes. Another term for this approach is job shadowing and usually is done by an observer viewing the user performing his or her job.
QUESTION 1492
As you manage the railroad switching station project, you are concerned that the business analyst who was responsible for preparing the WBS may have overlooked some parts of the project. In order to see if the WBS requires enhancements you decide to______________
A. Perform a cause-and-effect diagram
B. Meet with your sponsor
C. Use an affinity diagram
D. Review the accompanying WBS Dictionary with a member of the PMO
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In quality assurance an affinity diagram is used to generate ideas that can be linked to form organized patterns of thought about a problem. Using them in project management, one can enhance the creation of the WBS by using it to give structure to the decomposition of scope.
QUESTION 1493
Assume that your company is working under a fixed-price-incentive contract. It has a target cost of $100,000, a target profit of 10%, a price ceiling of $120,000, and a share formula of 80/20. Assume that your company completes all of the work but has actual costs of $110,000. What is the final value of this procurement?
A. $120,000 B. $132,000 C. $118,000 D. $110,000
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In this situation, there is a $10,000 overrun from the target costs. Applying the 80/20 share ratio, the seller's share of the overrun is 20% of $10,000 or a minus $2,000 in earned fee. The final value of this procurement is $110,000 in costs, plus a seller fee of $10,000 less $2,000, or $8,000 for a final price of $118,000.
QUESTION 1494
You need to outsource the testing function of your project. Your subcontracts department informed you that the following document must be prepared before conducting the procurement:
A. Make-or-buy analysis
B. Procurement management plan C. Evaluation methodology
D. Contract terms and conditions
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The procurement management plan describes how the project management team will acquire goods and services from outside the performing organization. It
describes how the procurement processes will be used from developing procurement documents through closing contracts.
QUESTION 1495
To identify inefficient and ineffective policies, processes, and procedures in use on a project, you should conduct______________
A. An inspection
B. A process analysis C. Benchmarking
D. A quality audit
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A quality audit is a tool and technique for the perform quality assurance process. It is primarily used to determine whether the project team is complying with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.
QUESTION 1496
Having worked previously as a software project manager, you were pleased to be appointed as the project manager for a new systems integration project designed to replace the existing air traffic control system in your country. You found a requirements traceability matrix to be helpful on software projects, so you decided to use it on this systems integration project. Using such a matrix helps to ensure that each requirement______________
A. Adds quality and supports the organization's quality policy
B. Adds business value as it links to business and project objectives
C. Sets forth the level of service, performance, safety, security, and compliance
D. Shows the impact to other organizational areas and to entities outside of the performing organization
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The requirements traceability matrix is a table that links requirements to their origin and traces them throughout the life cycle. This approach helps to ensure that each requirement adds value as it links to the business and project objectives. It also tracks requirements during the life cycle to help ensure that the requirements listed in the requirements document are delivered at the end of the project.
QUESTION 1497
During the closing phase of the project, the top-ranked source of conflict is______________
A. Schedule
B. Administrative procedures C. Cost
D. Human resources
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
In many projects, there is a rush to finish because of schedule slippages that develop in the execution/implementation phase. Delays in schedules become cumulative and impact the project most severely in the final stages of the project. While there are other sources of conflict, such as personalities and cost, attempting to finish on time is always on everyone's mind.
QUESTION 1498
Which of the following tools is used in process analysis to determine the underlying causes of defects?
A. Root cause analysis B. Assumptions analysis C. Cost-benefit analysis D. Quality metrics
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Determining the root cause of the problem means to determine the origin of the problem. What may appear to be the problem on the surface is often revealed, after further analysis, not to be the real cause of the problem. Process analysis includes root cause analysis used to identify as problem, discover the underlying causes that lead to it and develop preventive actions.
QUESTION 1499
All of the following statements concerning validate scope and control quality are true EXCEPT______________
A. The processes can be performed in parallel
B. Both processes use inspection as a tool and technique
C. Validate scope is concerned with the acceptance of deliverables, and control quality is concerned with meeting quality requirements for the deliverables D. Validate scope verification typically precedes control quality
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Validate scope focuses on accepting project deliverables, and to be accepted, they must meet the requirements. Control quality is one way to ensure that the requirements have been met, which is why control quality typically is done before validate scope.
QUESTION 1500
Consider a company that sells products to consumers: as one product begins the deterioration and death phases of its life cycle (or the divestment phase of a system), new products or projects must be established. This means that______________
A. The company requires a continuous stream of projects to survive B. The company is not at a high level of maturity
C. The company is in a period of overall decline
D. The company definitely lacks a balanced portfolio
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Organizations that rely on products for their revenue must constantly be introducing new products into the marketplace as old products are removed. Ideally, this should be an overlapping process to maintain balanced or increasing revenue over time. The closure phase evaluates the efforts of the total system and serves as input to the conceptual phase for new projects and systems. It also has an impact on other ongoing projects with regard to identifying priorities.
QUESTION 1501
You are in the process of performing quality assurance on your product and find that some requirements are not as complete as they should be, which causes rework and adds costs to your overall project. The term for all costs incurred over the life of the product by investing in appraising and inspecting the product for conformance and nonconformance to requirements is called______________
A. Life-cycle costs
B. Expected value
C. Cost of conformance D. Cost of quality
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Cost of quality involves both the cost of conformance and the cost of non-conformance. Examples of the cost of conformance are divided into two categories prevention costs and appraisal cots (includes inspections). Costs of non-conformance include internal failure costs and external failure costs.
QUESTION 1502
The project scope baseline should be used in the identify risks process because it______________
A. Identifies project assumptions
B. Identifies all work that must be done; therefore, it includes all risks on the project C. Helps organize all work that must be done on the project
D. Contains information on risks from prior projects
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Project assumptions, which should be enumerated in the project scope baseline in the scope statement, are areas of uncertainty, and therefore, potential causes of project risk.
QUESTION 1503
Although there are various tools and techniques to consider as you collect requirements on your project, one approach that supports the concept of progressive elaboration is______________
A. Idea/mind mapping
B. Affinity diagrams
C. Prototypes
D. Joint Application Design® sessions
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Prototypes are used to obtain early feedback on requirements by providing a working model of the expected product before it is built. Stakeholders then can experiment with this model rather than discussing abstract representations of requirements. This approach supports progressive elaboration, because it is used in iterative cycles of mock-up creation, user experimentation, feedback generation, and prototype revision.
QUESTION 1504
Although your company's project life cycle does not mandate when a project review should be conducted, you believe it is important to review performance at the conclusion of each phase. The objective of such a review is to______________
A. Determine how many resources are required to complete the project according to the project baseline B. Adjust the schedule and cost baselines based on past performance
C. Obtain customer acceptance of project deliverables
D. Determine whether the project should continue to the next phase
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The review at the end of a project phase is called a phase-end review. The purpose of this review is to determine whether the project should continue to the next phase for detecting and correcting errors while they are still manageable and for ensuring that the project remains focused on the business need it was undertaken to address.
QUESTION 1505
The key management skills required during the adjourning stage of team development include all but which one of the following?
A. Evaluating B. Reviewing C. Celebrating D. Improving
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
During the adjourning stage of team development, the emphasis is on tasks and relationships that promote closure and celebration. There is recognition and
satisfaction as the theme is moving on and separation. Management skills involve evaluating, reviewing, and improving, while leadership qualities are celebrating and bringing closure.
QUESTION 1506
The key to effective cost control is______________
A. Using earned value to forecast project status
B. Focusing on projected expenditures and actively networking with key stakeholders to ensure funds will be available as requested C. Informing stakeholders of the project's cost status
D. Managing the approved cost baseline and any changes to it
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The control costs process involves monitoring the project's status to update the project costs and managing changes to the cost baseline. Its benefit is that is provides the means to recognize variance in order to take corrective action and minimize risks. Therefore, effective management of the approved cost baseline and any changes is imperative.
QUESTION 1507
While managing a large project in your organization, you realize that your project team requires training in contract administration because you will be awarding several major subcontracts. After you analyze your project requirements and assess the expertise of your team members, you decide that your team will need a one-week class in contract administration. This training should______________
A. Commence as scheduled and stated in the staffing management plan
B. Commence as scheduled and stated as part of the procurement management plan
C. Be scheduled if necessary after performance assessments are prepared and after each team member has had an opportunity to serve in the contract administrator role
D. Commence as scheduled and stated in the team development plan
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Training is a tool and technique for the develop project team process. The requirements and schedule for the develop project team process should be stated in the staffing management plan. Project team members' skills can be developed as part of the project activities.
QUESTION 1508
One key reason that the develop project charter process is so important is that it______________
A. Documents the boundaries of the project
B. States the methods for acceptance of the project's deliverables C. Describes the project's characteristics
D. Links the project to the ongoing work of the organization
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The project charter not only authorizes a project, it shows how the project is linked to the strategic plan of the organization. Among other things, the project charter documents the business need for the project and describes the current understanding of the requirements.
QUESTION 1509
Your company has been awarded a contract for project management consulting services for a major government agency. You were a member of the proposal writing team, are PMP certified, and you are the project manager. You are now working to prepare your project management plan, which is to be submitted in one week. You decided to use some facilitation techniques to help develop your plan. While a number are possible, you selected______________
A. Conflict resolution
B. Checklist analysis
C. SWOT analysis
D. Assumptions analysis
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Facilitation techniques are a tool and technique in develop project management plan process.
Other examples are brainstorming, problem solving, and meeting management. They are used to help teams and individuals achieve agreement to accomplish the project's objectives.
QUESTION 1510
Assume you had a phase gate meeting with your Governance Board for your project to develop the next generation radar system as part of the nation's airspace
modernization program. At this meeting, the Board approved your project management plan. However, as you begin to execute your plan, an organizational process asset to consider is______________
A. Stakeholder risk tolerances
B. The organization's culture
C. Hiring and firing guidelines
D. Process measurement data base
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The process measurement data base is an organizational process asset that is used to collect and make available measurement data on processes and products. The other answers are examples of enterprise environmental factors used as inputs to direct and manage the project work.
QUESTION 1511
Consider the data in the table below.
Assume that your project consists only of these three activities. Your estimate at completion is $4,400.00. This means you are calculating your EAC by using which of the following formulas?
A. EAC = AC/EV × BAC
B. EAC = AC/EV × [work completed and in progress] + [actual (or revised) cost of work packages that have not started] C. EAC = [Actual to date] + [all remaining work to be done at the planned cost including remaining work in progress]
D. EAC =% complete × BAC
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
This formula assumes that all of the remaining work is independent of the burn rate incurred thus far. AC is $2,900 + [$500 + $1,000]. The $500 is from Activity B, and the $1,000 is from Activity C.
QUESTION 1512
Rolling wave planning in the create WBS process refers to situations in which______________
A. Certain deliverables or subprojects will be accomplished far into the future
B. Additional work is added to the project after the scope baseline has been established; therefore, additional decomposition is required
C. Identification codes for the WBS elements cannot be determined until the schedule activity list is complete in case revisions are required D. Subprojects are developed by external organizations and then become part of the WBS for the entire project
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Many projects involve deliverables or subprojects that will be accomplished far into the future and cannot be specified in detail at the current time. In these situations, the project management team typically waits until the deliverable or subproject is clarified so that details for that portion of the WBS can be developed. Then a rolling wave planning approach can be used.
QUESTION 1513
The lessons learned documentation is an output from the______________
A. Identify stakeholders process
B. Develop project management plan process C. Manage communications process
D. Plan communications management process
Correct Answer: C Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Lessons learned documentation is an output of the manage communications process. It is an element of the organizational process assets updates. It includes the causes of issues, reasons for corrective actions selected, and other types of lessons learned about communications management.
QUESTION 1514
Your experience has taught you that inappropriate responses to cost variances can produce quality or schedule problems or unacceptable project risk. When
leading a team meeting to discuss the importance of cost control, you note that cost control is concerned with______________
A. Influencing the factors that create change to the authorized cost baseline
B. Developing an approximation of the costs of the resources needed to complete the project C. Allocating the overall cost estimate to individual work items
D. Establishing a cost performance baseline
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The control costs process is also concerned with ensuring that requested changes have been acted upon, managing actual changes if and when they occur, ensuring cost expenditures do not exceed authorized funding, monitoring cost performance, preventing unapproved changes from being included in the reported cost or resource use, informing stakeholders of all approved changes and their costs and bringing expected cost overruns within acceptable limits.
QUESTION 1515
You are pleased to be the project manager for a new video conferencing system for your global organization. You want it to be one that is easy to use and is state of the art. As the project manager, you also are the project leader. You realize leadership is critical throughout the phases of the project and its key elements are______________
A. Respect and trust
B. Political and cultural awareness
C. Negotiation and influencing
D. Decision making and conflict management
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Leadership is critical to project management as it focuses on ensuring a group of people are working toward a common goal and enables them to work as a team. It involves getting things done through others. Respect and trust, not fear and submission, are its key elements. PMI®
QUESTION 1516
Your company is in the project management training business. In addition, the company publishes several exam study aids for the PMP® and CAPM® exam. You have your PMP® and you have been appointed as the project manager to make sure your company's training materials are updated to be aligned with the new PMBOK® Guide. You must complete your project in six months. You are now in month four. Many of your team members have been working on other projects as
the company uses matrix management. In a performance review meeting today, you informed your Governance Board that you did not think you could complete this project in the remaining two months. You were informed that additional resources were not available, but you had to complete your project on time. Your best course of action is to______________
A. Revise your schedule baseline
B. Use fast tracking
C. Adjust leads and lags now in your schedule D. Use modeling techniques
Correct Answer: B Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Fast tracking or crashing the schedule for the remaining work to be done are examples of schedule compression techniques to find ways to bring project activities that are behind into alignment with the project management plan.
QUESTION 1517
Each time you meet with your project sponsor, she emphasizes the need for cost control. To address her concerns, you should provide______________
A. Work performance information B. Cost baseline updates
C. Resource productivity analyses D. Trend analysis statistics
Correct Answer: A Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The project's work performance information should document and communicate the CV, SV, CPI, SPI, TCPI, and VAC for the WBS components in particular for specific work packages and control accounts.
QUESTION 1518
One output of the control costs process is cost forecasts, which is when______________
A. Modifications are made to the cost information used to manage the project and are communicated to stakeholders B. Trend analyses are performed and communicated to stakeholders
C. A budget update is required and communicated to all stakeholders
D. A calculated EAC value or a bottom-up EAC value is documented and communicated to stakeholders
Correct Answer: D Section: Mix Questions Explanation
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Cost forecasts are another output of control costs, and the EAC is used to show the expected total costs of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.