Answer Happy

2. Cardiovascular diseases kill many people globally every year, and they mainly exhibit as myocardial infarctions and heart failures. Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body. In this question you will diagnose a heart failure of several health indicators of 299 patients collected in 2015. Each patient profile has 13 clinical features. ("Heart Failure.xlsx") • age: age of the patient in years • anaemia: Decrease of red blood cells or hemoglobin (0=no; 1=yes) • high blood pressure: the patient has hypertension (0=no; 1=yes) • creatinine phosphokinase: Level of the CPK enzyme in the blood in mcg/L (mi- crograms per liter) • diabetes: the patient has diabetes (0=no; 1=yes) • ejection fraction: Percentage of blood leaving the heart at each contraction • sex: sex (0=woman; 1=man) • platelets: Platelets in the blood in kiloplatelets/mL • serum creatinine: Level of creatinine in the blood mg/dL • serum sodium: Level of sodium in the blood in mEq/L (milliequivalents per litre) • smoking: the patient smokes (0=no; 1=yes) • time: Follow-up period in days • death event: The patient died during the follow-up period (0=no; 1=yes) (a) Construct a percentage bar chart that shows for each gender the proportion of patient died with heart failure (death event) during the follow-up period. Comment on your findings. (b) Create a table that shows the distribution of death event conditional on the gender. And perform a x’ hypothesis test to test whether heart failure is independent of sex. Comment on your findings. (c) Repeat (a) and (b) by another variable smoking. Comment on your findings.