A scientific study compared two matched groups of college women. The women in both groups were presented with informatio
Posted: Mon Dec 20, 2021 7:57 am
A scientific study compared two matched groups of college women.
The women in both groups were presented with information about the
benefits of a healthy diet and regular exercise. The women in one
group were paired up with one another and encouraged to work as
two-person teams to help each other stick with the recommended
healthy regimen of smart eating and regular vigorous exercise. The
women in the other group were encouraged to use the same
recommended regimen, but they were also advised to work at it
individually, rather than with a partner or teammate. After 50 days
the physical health and the well-being of all the women in both
groups were evaluated. On average the women in the first group
(with teammates) showed a 26 point improvement in measures of
cardiopulmonary capacity, body strength, body fat reduction, and
sense of well-being. On average the women in the other group
(encouraged to work as individuals) showed a 17 point improvement
on those same measures. Using statistical analyses the researchers
determined that the probability that a difference of this size had
occurred by chance was less than one in 1000.
1. If true, these research findings would tend to
support which of the following assertions?
A = A college woman cannot achieve optimal health functioning
without a teammate.
B = Universities should require all students living in campus
residence halls to participate in a health regime of smart eating
and regular vigorous exercise.
C = A healthy diet will cause one to have better mental health and
physical strength.
D = This research study was funded by a corporation that makes
exercise apparel.
E = A regimen of smart eating and regular exercise is related to
better health.
2. If the information given in the case above were true,
which of the following hypotheses would not need to be ruled out in
order to confidently claim that for the majority of young adults a
regimen of smart eating and regular vigorous exercise will result
in significant improvements in one’s overall health.
A = A college woman cannot achieve optimal health functioning
without a teammate.
B = Universities should require all students living in campus
residence halls to participate in a health regime of smart eating
and regular vigorous exercise.
C = A healthy diet will cause one to have better mental health and
physical strength.
D = This research study was funded by a corporation that makes
exercise apparel.
E = A regimen of smart eating and regular exercise is related to
better health.
3. Consider the claim, “Working with a teammate or
partners on a health regimen is better than working individually.”
Which of the following additional pieces of information would not
weaken that claim?
A = Most of the women in the group that was encouraged to work
individually actually worked with friends and partners who were not
part of the study.
B = Most of the pairings and teams created in the first group (with
teammates) fell apart after a few days and the women in that group
actually worked individually.
C = There was something about the women in the first group (with
teammates) that the researchers overlooked, thus invalidating the
intended matching of the two groups.
D = Men are more likely to work alone, so any recommendation that
men find a teammate or partner to support them in sticking with the
regimen will be ignored.
E = The study was undertaken when there were no exams or major
projects due, thus the results about working with a teammate do not
apply to more stressful times of the year.
The women in both groups were presented with information about the
benefits of a healthy diet and regular exercise. The women in one
group were paired up with one another and encouraged to work as
two-person teams to help each other stick with the recommended
healthy regimen of smart eating and regular vigorous exercise. The
women in the other group were encouraged to use the same
recommended regimen, but they were also advised to work at it
individually, rather than with a partner or teammate. After 50 days
the physical health and the well-being of all the women in both
groups were evaluated. On average the women in the first group
(with teammates) showed a 26 point improvement in measures of
cardiopulmonary capacity, body strength, body fat reduction, and
sense of well-being. On average the women in the other group
(encouraged to work as individuals) showed a 17 point improvement
on those same measures. Using statistical analyses the researchers
determined that the probability that a difference of this size had
occurred by chance was less than one in 1000.
1. If true, these research findings would tend to
support which of the following assertions?
A = A college woman cannot achieve optimal health functioning
without a teammate.
B = Universities should require all students living in campus
residence halls to participate in a health regime of smart eating
and regular vigorous exercise.
C = A healthy diet will cause one to have better mental health and
physical strength.
D = This research study was funded by a corporation that makes
exercise apparel.
E = A regimen of smart eating and regular exercise is related to
better health.
2. If the information given in the case above were true,
which of the following hypotheses would not need to be ruled out in
order to confidently claim that for the majority of young adults a
regimen of smart eating and regular vigorous exercise will result
in significant improvements in one’s overall health.
A = A college woman cannot achieve optimal health functioning
without a teammate.
B = Universities should require all students living in campus
residence halls to participate in a health regime of smart eating
and regular vigorous exercise.
C = A healthy diet will cause one to have better mental health and
physical strength.
D = This research study was funded by a corporation that makes
exercise apparel.
E = A regimen of smart eating and regular exercise is related to
better health.
3. Consider the claim, “Working with a teammate or
partners on a health regimen is better than working individually.”
Which of the following additional pieces of information would not
weaken that claim?
A = Most of the women in the group that was encouraged to work
individually actually worked with friends and partners who were not
part of the study.
B = Most of the pairings and teams created in the first group (with
teammates) fell apart after a few days and the women in that group
actually worked individually.
C = There was something about the women in the first group (with
teammates) that the researchers overlooked, thus invalidating the
intended matching of the two groups.
D = Men are more likely to work alone, so any recommendation that
men find a teammate or partner to support them in sticking with the
regimen will be ignored.
E = The study was undertaken when there were no exams or major
projects due, thus the results about working with a teammate do not
apply to more stressful times of the year.