Answer Happy

QUESTION 12
If the estimated relative risk (RR) in the sample is 1.1 and it
is determined that there is bias away from the null, then there is
essentially no association in the source population.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 13
Systematic error due to differences between those selected for a
study and those not selected is:
Loss to follow-up
Confounding
Information bias
Selection bias
Interaction
1 points
QUESTION 14
If the RR is 1 in the population and 0.75 in the sample, then
the bias is ______.
Switchover
There is no bias
Away from the null
Towards the null
1 points
QUESTION 15
Loss to follow-up in a cohort study is an example of:
Information bias
Confounding
Non-response bias
Misclassification bias
Selection bias
1 points
QUESTION 16
Match each of the following terms to the best description.
-
Nonresponse bias
-
Recall bias
-
Differential misclassification
-
Non-differential misclassification
1.
If cases (or controls) are less likely to remember previous
exposures or behaviors
2.
Occurs when people who do not participate in a study are different
from those who do participate
3.
Misclassification is the same in the study groups (cases/controls
or exposed/unexposed groups)
4.
Misclassification is different in the study groups (cases/controls
or exposed/unexposed groups)
5.
Distortion of an association between exposure and disease because
of the effect of another variable
4 points
QUESTION 17
What is the probability that someone with the disease/condition
tests positive on a screening test?
False negative
Sensitivity
Positive predictive value
False positive
Specificity
1 points
QUESTION 18
A screening test that correctly classifies everyone as having a
disease or not having a disease has a sensitivity = 100% and
specificity = 0%.
True
False
1 points
QUESTION 19
In a study of sexual behavior and alcohol consumption among
females, male interviewers for the study found a lower prevalence
of high risk sexual behaviors among participants than did female
interviewers using the same questionnaire. Which term best
describes this finding?
Differential misclassification
Recall bias
Berkson's bias
Non-differential misclassification
Confounding
1 points
QUESTION 20
Which of the following are criteria for a confounder? Select all
that apply.
Associated with age
A risk factor for the disease
Not caused by the exposure
A misclassified variable
Associated with the exposure
2 points
QUESTION 21
Calculation of an adjusted odds ratios (or relative risks) is
one strategy used to address _______.
Confounding
Selection bias
Interaction
Neither confounding nor interaction
Confounding and interaction
1 points
QUESTION 22
In a case-control study of physical activity and asthma,
controls are matched to cases on the basis of race and gender. This
approach to selection is intended to decrease the influence of
which type of bias?
Selection bias
Misclassification bias
Ecologic fallacy
Confounding
Loss to follow-up
1 points
QUESTION 23
Epidemiologic studies usually collect data from everyone in the
target population.
True
False