Researchers studying the relationship between honesty, age, and self-control conducted an experiment on 160 children bet

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Researchers studying the relationship between honesty,
age, and self-control conducted an experiment on 160 children
between the ages of 5 and 15. Participants reported their age, sex,
and whether they were an only child or not. The researchers asked
each child to toss a fair coin in private and to record the outcome
(white or black) on a paper sheet, and said they would only reward
children who report white. Half the students were explicitly told
not to cheat and the others were not given any explicit
instructions. In the "no instruction" group the probability of
cheating was found to be uniform across groups based on a child's
characteristics. In the group that was explicitly told to not
cheat, girls were less likely to cheat, and while rate of cheating
didn't vary by age for boys, it decreased with age for girls (Ritz
et al. 2000). Identify the following
a) What are the observational units?
the 160 children between the ages of 5 to 15
the coin flips
all children ages 5 to 15
boys or girls
b) What are the variables and their types?
The variables and types are age (discrete), sex
(categorical), whether they were an only child or not
(categorical)
The variables and types are age (discrete), sex
(quantitative), whether they were an only child or not
(categorical), the result of the coin flip (categorical), whether
the children were given instructions or not (categorical), and
whether the child cheated (categorical)
The variables and types are age (discrete), sex
(quantitative), whether they were an only child or not
(categorical), the result of the coin flip (categorical), whether
the children were given instructions or not (categorical)
The variables and types are age (discrete), sex
(categorical), whether they were an only child or not
(categorical), the result of the coin flip (categorical), whether
the children were given instructions or not (categorical), and
whether the child cheated (categorical)
c) What is the main research question?
Do girls cheat more or less often than boys?
What is the effect of age, sex, only child status, and
whether or not children were given instructions on the rate of
cheating in a game?
Do children follow directions?