44. Many bacterial species can have mutualistic relationships with plant or animal species. Which of these statements de
Posted: Fri Jun 10, 2022 11:29 am
44. Many bacterial species can have mutualistic relationships
with plant or animal species. Which of these statements describe an
example discussed in class?
a. The relationship between nitrogen-fixing
bacteria and plant roots
b. When many bacteria inhabit the outer surface
(the epidermis) of animals and plants
c. The relationship between cyanobacteria and the
sun
d. When bacteria inhabit a host and become a
pathogen
e. All of the above
45. Which is not one of the five agents responsible for
evolutionary change?
a. Gene flow occurring between
populations
b. Genetic mutations
c. Disassortative mating
d. Natural selection
e. None of the above
46. Which statement describes the function or composition of a (a)
bacterial flagellum, (b) bacterial pili, or (c) bacterial
endospore?
a. The bacterial endospore consists of short
hairlike structures that occur on the surface of some bacterial
cells
b. The bacterial pili shapes and maintains the
cell from swelling and rupturing
c. The bacterial flagellum helps the cell to
attach to appropriate substances and exchange genetic
information
d. The bacterial flagellum anchors into the cell
wall and spins like a propeller to allow locomotion
e. The bacterial pili are thick-walled spores
which surround bacterial genomes and cytoplasm when exposed to
nutrient-poor conditions
47. What can be the result of a genetic (DNA or plasmid) mutation
in a prokaryote?
a. Endospore formation
b. Antibiotic resistance
c. Meiosis beginning
d. Exponential decay in growth
e. All of the above
48. How is the initiation stage of prokaryotic transcription
different from the initiation stage of eukaryotic transcription?
a. Eukaryotic initiation is similar to
prokaryotic beginning stages, but it is more complex and needs more
“machinery” to start the process
b. RNA polymerase II are different for each
bacterial species, but the same for eukaryotic organisms
c. Prokaryotic initiation does not need primers
to start but eukaryotic initiation does need it to connect to the
promoter and RNA polymerase
d. Prokaryotic initiation is similar to
eukaryotic beginning stages, but it is more complex and needs more
“machinery” to start the process
e. Promoters are different for each bacteria
species, but the same for eukaryotic organisms
49. Which statement describes a slipped mispairing (a type of
frameshift mutation)?
a. Adds additional copies of a repeated 3-base
sequence (15 human diseases are associated with this
mutation)
b. Produces a short deletion which usually starts
in the middle of a codon, thereby shirting the reading frame by one
or two bases
c. Involves only one or a few base-pairs in the
coding sequence and is generally a spontaneous pairing error (i.e.
A pairs with C instead of T)
d. Ionizing radiation can cause double-strand
breaks in DNA, often resulting in the deletion of short
segments
e. A base may be chemically altered by a
mutagenic chemical
50. Which statement describes an example of convergent
evolution?
a. In humans, the appendix which no longer is
usable
b. The phalanges and carpals of bats, birds,
dolphins, and humans
c. The different phenotypes (yet similar
genetics) of Darwin’s finches
d. The dorsal fin and general body structure of a
shark and dolphin
e. None of the above
with plant or animal species. Which of these statements describe an
example discussed in class?
a. The relationship between nitrogen-fixing
bacteria and plant roots
b. When many bacteria inhabit the outer surface
(the epidermis) of animals and plants
c. The relationship between cyanobacteria and the
sun
d. When bacteria inhabit a host and become a
pathogen
e. All of the above
45. Which is not one of the five agents responsible for
evolutionary change?
a. Gene flow occurring between
populations
b. Genetic mutations
c. Disassortative mating
d. Natural selection
e. None of the above
46. Which statement describes the function or composition of a (a)
bacterial flagellum, (b) bacterial pili, or (c) bacterial
endospore?
a. The bacterial endospore consists of short
hairlike structures that occur on the surface of some bacterial
cells
b. The bacterial pili shapes and maintains the
cell from swelling and rupturing
c. The bacterial flagellum helps the cell to
attach to appropriate substances and exchange genetic
information
d. The bacterial flagellum anchors into the cell
wall and spins like a propeller to allow locomotion
e. The bacterial pili are thick-walled spores
which surround bacterial genomes and cytoplasm when exposed to
nutrient-poor conditions
47. What can be the result of a genetic (DNA or plasmid) mutation
in a prokaryote?
a. Endospore formation
b. Antibiotic resistance
c. Meiosis beginning
d. Exponential decay in growth
e. All of the above
48. How is the initiation stage of prokaryotic transcription
different from the initiation stage of eukaryotic transcription?
a. Eukaryotic initiation is similar to
prokaryotic beginning stages, but it is more complex and needs more
“machinery” to start the process
b. RNA polymerase II are different for each
bacterial species, but the same for eukaryotic organisms
c. Prokaryotic initiation does not need primers
to start but eukaryotic initiation does need it to connect to the
promoter and RNA polymerase
d. Prokaryotic initiation is similar to
eukaryotic beginning stages, but it is more complex and needs more
“machinery” to start the process
e. Promoters are different for each bacteria
species, but the same for eukaryotic organisms
49. Which statement describes a slipped mispairing (a type of
frameshift mutation)?
a. Adds additional copies of a repeated 3-base
sequence (15 human diseases are associated with this
mutation)
b. Produces a short deletion which usually starts
in the middle of a codon, thereby shirting the reading frame by one
or two bases
c. Involves only one or a few base-pairs in the
coding sequence and is generally a spontaneous pairing error (i.e.
A pairs with C instead of T)
d. Ionizing radiation can cause double-strand
breaks in DNA, often resulting in the deletion of short
segments
e. A base may be chemically altered by a
mutagenic chemical
50. Which statement describes an example of convergent
evolution?
a. In humans, the appendix which no longer is
usable
b. The phalanges and carpals of bats, birds,
dolphins, and humans
c. The different phenotypes (yet similar
genetics) of Darwin’s finches
d. The dorsal fin and general body structure of a
shark and dolphin
e. None of the above