Answer Happy

1) Failure of the lower oesophageal sphincter results In achalasia a) b) In gastroesophageal reflux disease c) From loss of lower oesophageal tone d) In pepsin damage to the lower oesophageal mucosa 2) Pancreatic duct stasis caused by chronic pancreatitis results in a) Increased release of exocrine pancreatic secretions b) Increased plasma lipase activity c) Decreased faecal vitamin D loss d) Constipation 3) The toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae bacteria a) decreases cyclic AMP (CAMP) in enterocytes b) inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel proteins c) binds to ganglioside receptors d) increases sodium absorption in enterocytes 4) Malabsorption of protein is most likely to result in a) Ascites b) Increased muscle mass c) Decreased intestinal loss of bile acids d) Decreased gastrointestinal tract inflammation