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9. Define a gene, Lagging strand, Leading strand and chromosome. 10. Name the three stop codons and one start codon 11. On the DNA strands the 5' and 3' contain which functional group? 12. In what direction is DNA made? 13. Define operon, promoter, operator, RNA polymerase 14. List the gene products of the following genes: I gene, Z gene, and Y gene 15. Examples for the negative control mechanisms that stops transcription indirectly. Explain are the lac Operon is induced and trp Operon is repressed. Describe the conditions under which these mechanisms are activated. Explain the positive control activation-uses regulator protein activates RNA polymerase (Fig. 7.7) 16. What condition allows for bacteria to accept foreign genes? 17. Know the different types of mutations (ex. point mutation, missense mutation, base substitution, Nonsense mutation - CH 9) 18. Know how UV light affect the DNA (physical mutation) 19. Define and explain how transformation, conjugation, and transduction take place