(b) With the explosive growth of biology, biological data accumulate in an increasing rate. At present, theoretical biol
Posted: Thu Jun 09, 2022 11:15 am
(b) With the explosive growth of biology, biological
data accumulate in an increasing rate. At present, theoretical
biology does not have its fundamental principles that could offer
biological insight. In this situation, it is advisable for biology
to learn from its older brother, physics. The most powerful tool of
physics is the action principle, from which all the fundamental
laws of physics can be derived in their most elegant form. We show
that today’s physics is far from utilizing the full potential
of the action principle. This circumstance is almost inevitable,
since it belongs to the nature of the physical
problems that the endpoint of the action principle is
fixed already by the initial
conditions, and that physical behavior in most cases
corresponds to the minimal form of
the action principle. Actually, the mathematical form of
the action principle allows also
endpoints corresponding to the maximum of the action. We
show that when we endow
the action principle with this overlooked possibility,
it gains an enormous additional
power, which, perhaps surprisingly, directly corresponds
to biological behavior. The
biological version of the least action principle is the
most action principle. It is
characteristically biological to strive to the most
action, instead of manifesting inert
behavior corresponding to the least action. A fallen
body in classical physics cannot
select its endpoint. How is it possible that a fallen
bird can select the endpoint of its
trajectory? We consider how the photon “selects” its
endpoint in the classical and the
extended double-slit experiments, and propose a new
causal interpretation of quantum
physics. We show that “spontaneous targeting” observed
in living organisms is a direct
manifestation of the causally determined quantum
processes. For the first time, we
formulate here the first principle of biology in a
mathematical form and present some of its applications of primary
importance. We indicate that the general phenomenon of
biological homing relies on long-range cooperative
forces between biomolecules including mechanical, electromagnetic
and osmotic forces. We show how theoretical
biology
beyond the quantum level can shed light to the properties of
elementary
consciousness.
(i)What is being explained?
(ii)What is the explanation?
(iii)What conclusion can be drawn about the above
explanation?
(c) A remarkable fact is that many of the great
scientists and mathematicians in history have a deep interest in
music. Einstein, for example, was devoted amateur violinist, and
Newton is said to have been fascinated by the
mathematical structure of musical compositions. If you want your
child to pursue a career in science, you would be well advised to
do everything you can develop his or her interest in
music.
d) The above passage involves THREE fallacies. Comment
on every one you find in a detailed
way.
*Answer Typed please*
data accumulate in an increasing rate. At present, theoretical
biology does not have its fundamental principles that could offer
biological insight. In this situation, it is advisable for biology
to learn from its older brother, physics. The most powerful tool of
physics is the action principle, from which all the fundamental
laws of physics can be derived in their most elegant form. We show
that today’s physics is far from utilizing the full potential
of the action principle. This circumstance is almost inevitable,
since it belongs to the nature of the physical
problems that the endpoint of the action principle is
fixed already by the initial
conditions, and that physical behavior in most cases
corresponds to the minimal form of
the action principle. Actually, the mathematical form of
the action principle allows also
endpoints corresponding to the maximum of the action. We
show that when we endow
the action principle with this overlooked possibility,
it gains an enormous additional
power, which, perhaps surprisingly, directly corresponds
to biological behavior. The
biological version of the least action principle is the
most action principle. It is
characteristically biological to strive to the most
action, instead of manifesting inert
behavior corresponding to the least action. A fallen
body in classical physics cannot
select its endpoint. How is it possible that a fallen
bird can select the endpoint of its
trajectory? We consider how the photon “selects” its
endpoint in the classical and the
extended double-slit experiments, and propose a new
causal interpretation of quantum
physics. We show that “spontaneous targeting” observed
in living organisms is a direct
manifestation of the causally determined quantum
processes. For the first time, we
formulate here the first principle of biology in a
mathematical form and present some of its applications of primary
importance. We indicate that the general phenomenon of
biological homing relies on long-range cooperative
forces between biomolecules including mechanical, electromagnetic
and osmotic forces. We show how theoretical
biology
beyond the quantum level can shed light to the properties of
elementary
consciousness.
(i)What is being explained?
(ii)What is the explanation?
(iii)What conclusion can be drawn about the above
explanation?
(c) A remarkable fact is that many of the great
scientists and mathematicians in history have a deep interest in
music. Einstein, for example, was devoted amateur violinist, and
Newton is said to have been fascinated by the
mathematical structure of musical compositions. If you want your
child to pursue a career in science, you would be well advised to
do everything you can develop his or her interest in
music.
d) The above passage involves THREE fallacies. Comment
on every one you find in a detailed
way.
*Answer Typed please*